67. Wagner-Schuman M, Richardson JR, Auinger P, Braun JM, Lanphear BP, Epstein JN,
Yolton K, Froehlich TE (2015) Association of pyrethroid pesticide exposure with attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder in a nationally representative sample of U.S. children. Environ
Health 14:44
68. Quiros-Alcala L, Mehta S, Eskenazi B (2014) Pyrethroid pesticide exposure and parental
report of learning disability and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in U.S. children:
NHANES 1999-2002. Environ Health Perspect 122:1336–1342
69. von Ehrenstein OS, Ling C, Cui X, Cockburn M, Park AS, Yu F, Wu J, Ritz B (2019) Prenatal
and infant exposure to ambient pesticides and autism spectrum disorder in children: population
based case-control study. BMJ 364:l962
70. Schmidt RJ, Kogan V, Shelton JF, Delwiche L, Hansen RL, Ozonoff S, Ma CC,
McCanlies EC, Bennett DH, Hertz-Picciotto I, Tancredi DJ, Volk HE (2017) Combined
prenatal pesticide exposure and folic acid intake in relation to autism spectrum disorder.
Environ Health Perspect 125:097007
71. Hicks SD, Wang M, Fry K, Doraiswamy V, Wohlford EM (2017) Neurodevelopmental delay
diagnosis rates are increased in a region with aerial pesticide application. Front Pediatr 5:116
72. Domingues VF, Nasuti C, Piangerelli M, Correia-Sa L, Ghezzo A, Marini M, Abruzzo PM,
Visconti P, Giustozzi M, Rossi G, Gabbianelli R (2016) Pyrethroid pesticide metabolite in
urine and microelements in hair of children affected by autism spectrum disorders: a preliminary investigation. Int J Environ Res Public Health 13:388
73. Shelton JF, Geraghty EM, Tancredi DJ, Delwiche LD, Schmidt RJ, Ritz B, Hansen RL,
Hertz-Picciotto I (2014) Neurodevelopmental disorders and prenatal residential proximity to
agricultural pesticides: the CHARGE study. Environ Health Perspect 122:1103–1109
74. Roberts JR, Dawley EH, Reigart JR (2019) Children’s low-level pesticide exposure and
associations with autism and ADHD: a review. Pediatr Res 85:234–241
75. Rossignol DA, Genuis SJ, Frye RE (2014) Environmental toxicants and autism spectrum
disorders: a systematic review. Transl Psychiatry 4:e360
76. Bailey HD, Infante-Rivard C, Metayer C, Clavel J, Lightfoot T, Kaatsch P, Roman E,
Magnani C, Spector LG, Th Petridou E, Milne E, Dockerty JD, Miligi L, Armstrong BK,
Rudant J, Fritschi L, Simpson J, Zhang L, Rondelli R, Baka M, Orsi L, Moschovi M, Kang
AY, Schuz J (2015) Home pesticide exposures and risk of childhood leukemia: findings from
the childhood leukemia international consortium. Int J Cancer 137:2644–2663
77. Chen S, Gu S, Wang Y, Yao Y, Wang G, Jin Y, Wu Y (2016) Exposure to pyrethroid
pesticides and the risk of childhood brain tumors in East China. Environ Pollut (Barking,
Essex: 1987) 218:1128–1134
78. Hyland C, Gunier RB, Metayer C, Bates MN, Wesseling C, Mora AM (2018) Maternal
residential pesticide use and risk of childhood leukemia in Costa Rica. Int J Cancer
143:1295–1304
79. Rios P, Bailey HD, Lacour B, Valteau-Couanet D, Michon J, Bergeron C, Boutroux H,
Defachelles AS, Gambart M, Sirvent N, Thebaud E, Ducassou S, Orsi L, Clavel J (2017)
Maternal use of household pesticides during pregnancy and risk of neuroblastoma in offspring.
A pooled analysis of the ESTELLE and ESCALE French studies (SFCE). Cancer Causes
Control 28:1125–1132
80. Van Maele-Fabry G, Gamet-Payrastre L, Lison D (2017) Residential exposure to pesticides as
risk factor for childhood and young adult brain tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Environ Int 106:69–90
81. Van Maele-Fabry G, Gamet-Payrastre L, Lison D (2019) Household exposure to pesticides
and risk of leukemia in children and adolescents: updated systematic review and metaanalysis. Int J Hyg Environ Health 222:49–67
82. Vidart d’Egurbide Bagazgoitia N, Bailey HD, Orsi L, Lacour B, Guerrini-Rousseau L,
Bertozzi AI, Leblond P, Faure-Conter C, Pellier I, Freycon C, Doz F, Puget S, Ducassou S,
Clavel J (2018) Maternal residential pesticide use during pregnancy and risk of malignant
childhood brain tumors: a pooled analysis of the ESCALE and ESTELLE studies (SFCE). Int J
Cancer 142:489–497
Human Risk Associated with Long-Term Exposure to Pyrethroid Insecticides
301
Yolton K, Froehlich TE (2015) Association of pyrethroid pesticide exposure with attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder in a nationally representative sample of U.S. children. Environ
Health 14:44
68. Quiros-Alcala L, Mehta S, Eskenazi B (2014) Pyrethroid pesticide exposure and parental
report of learning disability and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in U.S. children:
NHANES 1999-2002. Environ Health Perspect 122:1336–1342
69. von Ehrenstein OS, Ling C, Cui X, Cockburn M, Park AS, Yu F, Wu J, Ritz B (2019) Prenatal
and infant exposure to ambient pesticides and autism spectrum disorder in children: population
based case-control study. BMJ 364:l962
70. Schmidt RJ, Kogan V, Shelton JF, Delwiche L, Hansen RL, Ozonoff S, Ma CC,
McCanlies EC, Bennett DH, Hertz-Picciotto I, Tancredi DJ, Volk HE (2017) Combined
prenatal pesticide exposure and folic acid intake in relation to autism spectrum disorder.
Environ Health Perspect 125:097007
71. Hicks SD, Wang M, Fry K, Doraiswamy V, Wohlford EM (2017) Neurodevelopmental delay
diagnosis rates are increased in a region with aerial pesticide application. Front Pediatr 5:116
72. Domingues VF, Nasuti C, Piangerelli M, Correia-Sa L, Ghezzo A, Marini M, Abruzzo PM,
Visconti P, Giustozzi M, Rossi G, Gabbianelli R (2016) Pyrethroid pesticide metabolite in
urine and microelements in hair of children affected by autism spectrum disorders: a preliminary investigation. Int J Environ Res Public Health 13:388
73. Shelton JF, Geraghty EM, Tancredi DJ, Delwiche LD, Schmidt RJ, Ritz B, Hansen RL,
Hertz-Picciotto I (2014) Neurodevelopmental disorders and prenatal residential proximity to
agricultural pesticides: the CHARGE study. Environ Health Perspect 122:1103–1109
74. Roberts JR, Dawley EH, Reigart JR (2019) Children’s low-level pesticide exposure and
associations with autism and ADHD: a review. Pediatr Res 85:234–241
75. Rossignol DA, Genuis SJ, Frye RE (2014) Environmental toxicants and autism spectrum
disorders: a systematic review. Transl Psychiatry 4:e360
76. Bailey HD, Infante-Rivard C, Metayer C, Clavel J, Lightfoot T, Kaatsch P, Roman E,
Magnani C, Spector LG, Th Petridou E, Milne E, Dockerty JD, Miligi L, Armstrong BK,
Rudant J, Fritschi L, Simpson J, Zhang L, Rondelli R, Baka M, Orsi L, Moschovi M, Kang
AY, Schuz J (2015) Home pesticide exposures and risk of childhood leukemia: findings from
the childhood leukemia international consortium. Int J Cancer 137:2644–2663
77. Chen S, Gu S, Wang Y, Yao Y, Wang G, Jin Y, Wu Y (2016) Exposure to pyrethroid
pesticides and the risk of childhood brain tumors in East China. Environ Pollut (Barking,
Essex: 1987) 218:1128–1134
78. Hyland C, Gunier RB, Metayer C, Bates MN, Wesseling C, Mora AM (2018) Maternal
residential pesticide use and risk of childhood leukemia in Costa Rica. Int J Cancer
143:1295–1304
79. Rios P, Bailey HD, Lacour B, Valteau-Couanet D, Michon J, Bergeron C, Boutroux H,
Defachelles AS, Gambart M, Sirvent N, Thebaud E, Ducassou S, Orsi L, Clavel J (2017)
Maternal use of household pesticides during pregnancy and risk of neuroblastoma in offspring.
A pooled analysis of the ESTELLE and ESCALE French studies (SFCE). Cancer Causes
Control 28:1125–1132
80. Van Maele-Fabry G, Gamet-Payrastre L, Lison D (2017) Residential exposure to pesticides as
risk factor for childhood and young adult brain tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Environ Int 106:69–90
81. Van Maele-Fabry G, Gamet-Payrastre L, Lison D (2019) Household exposure to pesticides
and risk of leukemia in children and adolescents: updated systematic review and metaanalysis. Int J Hyg Environ Health 222:49–67
82. Vidart d’Egurbide Bagazgoitia N, Bailey HD, Orsi L, Lacour B, Guerrini-Rousseau L,
Bertozzi AI, Leblond P, Faure-Conter C, Pellier I, Freycon C, Doz F, Puget S, Ducassou S,
Clavel J (2018) Maternal residential pesticide use during pregnancy and risk of malignant
childhood brain tumors: a pooled analysis of the ESCALE and ESTELLE studies (SFCE). Int J
Cancer 142:489–497
Human Risk Associated with Long-Term Exposure to Pyrethroid Insecticides
301