References
1. Saillenfait AM, Ndiaye D, Sabate JP (2015) Pyrethroids: exposure and health effects – an
update. Int J Hyg Environ Health 218:281–292
2. Koureas M, Tsakalof A, Tsatsakis A, Hadjichristodoulou C (2012) Systematic review of
biomonitoring studies to determine the association between exposure to organophosphorus
and pyrethroid insecticides and human health outcomes. Toxicol Lett 210:155–168
3. Cherry N, Beach J, Senthilselvan A, Burstyn I (2018) Pesticide use and asthma in Alberta
grain farmers. Int J Environ Res Public Health 15:E526
4. Patel O, Syamlal G, Henneberger PK, Alarcon WA, Mazurek JM (2018) Pesticide use, allergic
rhinitis, and asthma among US farm operators. J Agromedicine 23:327–335
5. Hoppin JA, Umbach DM, Long S, London SJ, Henneberger PK, Blair A, Alavanja M,
Freeman LE, Sandler DP (2017) Pesticides are associated with allergic and non-allergic
wheeze among male farmers. Environ Health Perspect 125:535–543
6. Koureas M, Rachiotis G, Tsakalof A, Hadjichristodoulou C (2017) Increased frequency of
rheumatoid arthritis and allergic rhinitis among pesticide sprayers and associations with
pesticide use. Int J Environ Res Public Health 14:E865
7. Quansah R, Bend JR, Abdul-Rahaman A, Armah FA, Luginaah I, Essumang DK, Iddi S,
Chevrier J, Cobbina SJ, Nketiah-Amponsah E, Adu-Kumi S, Darko G, Afful S (2016)
Associations between pesticide use and respiratory symptoms: a cross-sectional study in
Southern Ghana. Environ Res 150:245–254
8. Lu G, Traore C, Meissner P, Kouyate B, Kynast-Wolf G, Beiersmann C, Coulibaly B,
Becher H, Muller O (2015) Safety of insecticide-treated mosquito nets for infants and their
mothers: randomized controlled community trial in Burkina Faso. Malar J 14:527
9. Baumert BO, Carnes MU, Hoppin JA, Jackson CL, Sandler DP, Freeman LB, Henneberger
PK, Umbach DM, Shrestha S, Long S, London SJ (2018) Sleep apnea and pesticide exposure
in a study of US farmers. Sleep Health 4:20–26
10. Ye M, Beach J, Martin JW, Senthilselvan A (2016) Urinary concentrations of pyrethroid
metabolites and its association with lung function in a Canadian general population. Occup
Environ Med 73:119–126
11. Mwanga HH, Dalvie MA, Singh TS, Channa K, Jeebhay MF (2016) Relationship between
pesticide metabolites, cytokine patterns, and asthma-related outcomes in rural women
workers. Int J Environ Res Public Health 13:E957
12. Santos R, Piccoli C, Cremonese C, Freire C (2019) Thyroid and reproductive hormones in
relation to pesticide use in an agricultural population in Southern Brazil. Environ Res
173:221–231
13. Shrestha S, Parks CG, Goldner WS, Kamel F, Umbach DM, Ward MH, Lerro CC, Koutros S,
Hofmann JN, Beane Freeman LE, Sandler DP (2019) Pesticide use and incident hyperthyroidism in farmers in the agricultural health study. Occup Environ Med 76:332–335
14. Shrestha S, Parks CG, Goldner WS, Kamel F, Umbach DM, Ward MH, Lerro CC, Koutros S,
Hofmann JN, Beane Freeman LE, Sandler DP (2018) Incident thyroid disease in female
spouses of private pesticide applicators. Environ Int 118:282–292
15. Shrestha S, Parks CG, Goldner WS, Kamel F, Umbach DM, Ward MH, Lerro CC, Koutros S,
Hofmann JN, Beane Freeman LE, Sandler DP (2018) Pesticide use and incident hypothyroidism in pesticide applicators in the agricultural health study. Environ Health Perspect
126:97008
16. Lerro CC, Beane Freeman LE, DellaValle CT, Kibriya MG, Aschebrook-Kilfoy B, Jasmine F,
Koutros S, Parks CG, Sandler DP, Alavanja MCR, Hofmann JN, Ward MH (2018) Occupational pesticide exposure and subclinical hypothyroidism among male pesticide applicators.
Occup Environ Med 75:79–89
17. Jain RB (2016) Variability in the levels of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid by age, gender, and race/
ethnicity for the period of 2001-2002 versus 2009-2010 and its association with thyroid
function among general US population. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 23:6934–6939
Human Risk Associated with Long-Term Exposure to Pyrethroid Insecticides
297
1. Saillenfait AM, Ndiaye D, Sabate JP (2015) Pyrethroids: exposure and health effects – an
update. Int J Hyg Environ Health 218:281–292
2. Koureas M, Tsakalof A, Tsatsakis A, Hadjichristodoulou C (2012) Systematic review of
biomonitoring studies to determine the association between exposure to organophosphorus
and pyrethroid insecticides and human health outcomes. Toxicol Lett 210:155–168
3. Cherry N, Beach J, Senthilselvan A, Burstyn I (2018) Pesticide use and asthma in Alberta
grain farmers. Int J Environ Res Public Health 15:E526
4. Patel O, Syamlal G, Henneberger PK, Alarcon WA, Mazurek JM (2018) Pesticide use, allergic
rhinitis, and asthma among US farm operators. J Agromedicine 23:327–335
5. Hoppin JA, Umbach DM, Long S, London SJ, Henneberger PK, Blair A, Alavanja M,
Freeman LE, Sandler DP (2017) Pesticides are associated with allergic and non-allergic
wheeze among male farmers. Environ Health Perspect 125:535–543
6. Koureas M, Rachiotis G, Tsakalof A, Hadjichristodoulou C (2017) Increased frequency of
rheumatoid arthritis and allergic rhinitis among pesticide sprayers and associations with
pesticide use. Int J Environ Res Public Health 14:E865
7. Quansah R, Bend JR, Abdul-Rahaman A, Armah FA, Luginaah I, Essumang DK, Iddi S,
Chevrier J, Cobbina SJ, Nketiah-Amponsah E, Adu-Kumi S, Darko G, Afful S (2016)
Associations between pesticide use and respiratory symptoms: a cross-sectional study in
Southern Ghana. Environ Res 150:245–254
8. Lu G, Traore C, Meissner P, Kouyate B, Kynast-Wolf G, Beiersmann C, Coulibaly B,
Becher H, Muller O (2015) Safety of insecticide-treated mosquito nets for infants and their
mothers: randomized controlled community trial in Burkina Faso. Malar J 14:527
9. Baumert BO, Carnes MU, Hoppin JA, Jackson CL, Sandler DP, Freeman LB, Henneberger
PK, Umbach DM, Shrestha S, Long S, London SJ (2018) Sleep apnea and pesticide exposure
in a study of US farmers. Sleep Health 4:20–26
10. Ye M, Beach J, Martin JW, Senthilselvan A (2016) Urinary concentrations of pyrethroid
metabolites and its association with lung function in a Canadian general population. Occup
Environ Med 73:119–126
11. Mwanga HH, Dalvie MA, Singh TS, Channa K, Jeebhay MF (2016) Relationship between
pesticide metabolites, cytokine patterns, and asthma-related outcomes in rural women
workers. Int J Environ Res Public Health 13:E957
12. Santos R, Piccoli C, Cremonese C, Freire C (2019) Thyroid and reproductive hormones in
relation to pesticide use in an agricultural population in Southern Brazil. Environ Res
173:221–231
13. Shrestha S, Parks CG, Goldner WS, Kamel F, Umbach DM, Ward MH, Lerro CC, Koutros S,
Hofmann JN, Beane Freeman LE, Sandler DP (2019) Pesticide use and incident hyperthyroidism in farmers in the agricultural health study. Occup Environ Med 76:332–335
14. Shrestha S, Parks CG, Goldner WS, Kamel F, Umbach DM, Ward MH, Lerro CC, Koutros S,
Hofmann JN, Beane Freeman LE, Sandler DP (2018) Incident thyroid disease in female
spouses of private pesticide applicators. Environ Int 118:282–292
15. Shrestha S, Parks CG, Goldner WS, Kamel F, Umbach DM, Ward MH, Lerro CC, Koutros S,
Hofmann JN, Beane Freeman LE, Sandler DP (2018) Pesticide use and incident hypothyroidism in pesticide applicators in the agricultural health study. Environ Health Perspect
126:97008
16. Lerro CC, Beane Freeman LE, DellaValle CT, Kibriya MG, Aschebrook-Kilfoy B, Jasmine F,
Koutros S, Parks CG, Sandler DP, Alavanja MCR, Hofmann JN, Ward MH (2018) Occupational pesticide exposure and subclinical hypothyroidism among male pesticide applicators.
Occup Environ Med 75:79–89
17. Jain RB (2016) Variability in the levels of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid by age, gender, and race/
ethnicity for the period of 2001-2002 versus 2009-2010 and its association with thyroid
function among general US population. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 23:6934–6939
Human Risk Associated with Long-Term Exposure to Pyrethroid Insecticides
297