Risk Assessment of Human Exposure
to Pyrethroids Through Food
Tânia Mara Pizzolato and Alexsandro Dallegrave
Contents
1 Human Exposure to Pyrethroids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
2 In Vivo Toxicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
3 Human Contamination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
4 Pyrethroids and Human Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
5 Pyrethroid Risk Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
6 Uncertainties Associated with Exposure Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
7 Perspectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Abstract For decades, the global demand for food has been increasing as a result of
population growth and changes in diets. Together with this demand, the ample use of
pesticides and insecticides in every step of the production chain has grown. Pyrethroids are systemic pesticides widely used in both agriculture and veterinary. They
are often found on the surface of fruits and leafy vegetables or deposited on the lipid
bilayer in products of animal origin. Considering the high use of pyrethroids all
around the world, the potential risks of human exposure to residues in food products
are a matter of great concern. Risk assessment is the scientific basis for risk
management according to various international agencies. The vast majority of
pesticide residue risk assessments in food are based on the toxicological evaluation
of individual compounds, but assessments of cumulative exposure to multiple
residues have gained notoriety. The evaluation of the “daily intake” is of great
importance for human and environment safety.
Keywords Food, Pyrethroids, Risk assessment
T. M. Pizzolato (*) and A. Dallegrave
Chemical Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
e-mail: tania.pizzolato@ufrgs.br; adallegrave@iq.ufrgs.br
Ethel Eljarrat (ed.), Pyrethroid Insecticides,
Hdb Env Chem (2020) 92: 245–258, DOI 10.1007/698_2019_429,
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020, Published online: 9 January 2020
245
to Pyrethroids Through Food
Tânia Mara Pizzolato and Alexsandro Dallegrave
Contents
1 Human Exposure to Pyrethroids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
2 In Vivo Toxicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
3 Human Contamination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
4 Pyrethroids and Human Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
5 Pyrethroid Risk Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
6 Uncertainties Associated with Exposure Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
7 Perspectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Abstract For decades, the global demand for food has been increasing as a result of
population growth and changes in diets. Together with this demand, the ample use of
pesticides and insecticides in every step of the production chain has grown. Pyrethroids are systemic pesticides widely used in both agriculture and veterinary. They
are often found on the surface of fruits and leafy vegetables or deposited on the lipid
bilayer in products of animal origin. Considering the high use of pyrethroids all
around the world, the potential risks of human exposure to residues in food products
are a matter of great concern. Risk assessment is the scientific basis for risk
management according to various international agencies. The vast majority of
pesticide residue risk assessments in food are based on the toxicological evaluation
of individual compounds, but assessments of cumulative exposure to multiple
residues have gained notoriety. The evaluation of the “daily intake” is of great
importance for human and environment safety.
Keywords Food, Pyrethroids, Risk assessment
T. M. Pizzolato (*) and A. Dallegrave
Chemical Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
e-mail: tania.pizzolato@ufrgs.br; adallegrave@iq.ufrgs.br
Ethel Eljarrat (ed.), Pyrethroid Insecticides,
Hdb Env Chem (2020) 92: 245–258, DOI 10.1007/698_2019_429,
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020, Published online: 9 January 2020
245