Current relevant regulation for pyrethroids is:
• Regulation 283/2013/EU – Commission Regulation (EU) No 283/2013 of
1 March 2013 setting out the data requirements for active substances, in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the
Council concerning the placing of plant protection products on the market.
• Regulation 284/2013/EU – Commission Regulation (EU) No 284/2013 of
1 March 2013 setting out the data requirements for plant protection products, in
accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and
of the Council concerning the placing of plant protection products on the market.
• Regulation 1107/2009/EC – Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European
Parliament and of the Council of 21 October 2009 concerning the placing of plant
protection products on the market and repealing Council Directives 79/117/EEC
(ban on some active substances) and 91/414/EEC (commerce of phytosanitary
products).
• Directive 2009/128/EC – Directive 2009/128/EC of the European Parliament and
of the Council of 21 October 2009 establishing a framework for community
action to achieve the sustainable use of pesticides.
References
1. Casida JE, Quistad GB (1998) Golden age of insecticide research: past, present, or future? Annu
Rev Entomol 43:1–16. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.43.1.1
2. Hellou J, Lebeuf M, Rudi M (2013) Review on DDT and metabolites in birds and mammals of
aquatic ecosystems. Environ Rev 21:53–69. https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2012-0054
3. Rabitto I d S, Bastos WR, Almeida R et al (2011) Mercury and DDT exposure risk to fish-eating
human populations in Amazon. Environ Int 37:56–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2010.
07.001
4. Resnik DB (2009) Human health and the environment: in harmony or in conflict? Health Care
Anal 17:261–276. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10728-008-0104-x
5. Richardson M (1998) Pesticides – friend or foe? Water Sci Technol 37:19–25. https://doi.org/
10.1016/s0273-1223(98)00257-1
6. Roberts DR, Manguin S, Mouchet J (2000) DDT house spraying and re-emerging malaria.
Lancet 356:330–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02516-2
Table 4 IDA and NOAEL values for pyrethroids [36]
Pyrethroid
IDA (mg kg
À1 day
À1
)
NOAEL (mg kg
À1 day
À1
)
Bifenthrin
0.02
1.5
Cyfluthrin
0.02
2
Cyhalothrin
0.002
Cypermethrin
0.05
1.5
Deltamethrin
0.01
1
Etofenprox
0.03
3.1
Permethrin
0.05
5
D-Fenothrin
0.07
7
Introduction to Pyrethroid Insecticides: Chemical Structures, Properties, Mode. . .
13
• Regulation 283/2013/EU – Commission Regulation (EU) No 283/2013 of
1 March 2013 setting out the data requirements for active substances, in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the
Council concerning the placing of plant protection products on the market.
• Regulation 284/2013/EU – Commission Regulation (EU) No 284/2013 of
1 March 2013 setting out the data requirements for plant protection products, in
accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and
of the Council concerning the placing of plant protection products on the market.
• Regulation 1107/2009/EC – Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European
Parliament and of the Council of 21 October 2009 concerning the placing of plant
protection products on the market and repealing Council Directives 79/117/EEC
(ban on some active substances) and 91/414/EEC (commerce of phytosanitary
products).
• Directive 2009/128/EC – Directive 2009/128/EC of the European Parliament and
of the Council of 21 October 2009 establishing a framework for community
action to achieve the sustainable use of pesticides.
References
1. Casida JE, Quistad GB (1998) Golden age of insecticide research: past, present, or future? Annu
Rev Entomol 43:1–16. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.43.1.1
2. Hellou J, Lebeuf M, Rudi M (2013) Review on DDT and metabolites in birds and mammals of
aquatic ecosystems. Environ Rev 21:53–69. https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2012-0054
3. Rabitto I d S, Bastos WR, Almeida R et al (2011) Mercury and DDT exposure risk to fish-eating
human populations in Amazon. Environ Int 37:56–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2010.
07.001
4. Resnik DB (2009) Human health and the environment: in harmony or in conflict? Health Care
Anal 17:261–276. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10728-008-0104-x
5. Richardson M (1998) Pesticides – friend or foe? Water Sci Technol 37:19–25. https://doi.org/
10.1016/s0273-1223(98)00257-1
6. Roberts DR, Manguin S, Mouchet J (2000) DDT house spraying and re-emerging malaria.
Lancet 356:330–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02516-2
Table 4 IDA and NOAEL values for pyrethroids [36]
Pyrethroid
IDA (mg kg
À1 day
À1
)
NOAEL (mg kg
À1 day
À1
)
Bifenthrin
0.02
1.5
Cyfluthrin
0.02
2
Cyhalothrin
0.002
Cypermethrin
0.05
1.5
Deltamethrin
0.01
1
Etofenprox
0.03
3.1
Permethrin
0.05
5
D-Fenothrin
0.07
7
Introduction to Pyrethroid Insecticides: Chemical Structures, Properties, Mode. . .
13