476
F. Lenartz et al.
activity patterns [2]. Usefully, model output could be used instead of measurements
made at fixed locations for they better catch or should better catch spatial variability
than a closest station approach.
Should this technique prove to be advantageous, extrapolation to assess population
exposure is far from direct. Usually this estimation is based on a static population
density map that considers that everybody lives outdoor, therefore it obscures two
important elements: (i) a population is dynamic and (ii) most of us spend most of
their time indoor.
75.2 Experiment
In the framework of the OIE (Outdoor and Indoor Exposure) project, both a measurement campaigns and a modelling effort are done to evaluate personal exposure to
black carbon (BC), nitrogen oxides (NO and NO 2 ), ozone (O 3 ) and fine dust (PM 2.5 ),
and to relate to population exposure.
75.2.1 Measurements
The portable devices used for our measurement campaigns are on one hand the AethLabs AE51 and on the other hand the so-called Antilope, developed for ISSeP by
the CECOTEPE. The first has already been used extensively in a series of studies,
while the latter is a prototype based on three low-cost gas sensors from Alphasense
and one low-cost particle sensor from Honeywell (see Figs. 75.1 and 75.2). In addition, a GPS sensor keeps track of the subject’s movements, a weather sensor records
temperature, relative humidity and barometric pressure in the direct vicinity of the
printed circuit board, and another one checks when a pre-determined acceleration
threshold is overrun.
75.2.2 Modelling
For our simulations, we have chosen the IFDM-OSPM model chain [1], recently
re-baptized AtmoStreet. It’s basically a two-level modelling system that consists
of a Gaussian model for industry, shipping and major road emissions, a highlyparameterized box model for simulating pollution dispersion in street canyons, and
a procedure to avoid double count of emissions, as well as to maintain a state of
chemical equilibrium between NO X and O 3 . Receptor points are spread in a different
way along line or around point sources for IFDM, and at the center of the street
F. Lenartz et al.
activity patterns [2]. Usefully, model output could be used instead of measurements
made at fixed locations for they better catch or should better catch spatial variability
than a closest station approach.
Should this technique prove to be advantageous, extrapolation to assess population
exposure is far from direct. Usually this estimation is based on a static population
density map that considers that everybody lives outdoor, therefore it obscures two
important elements: (i) a population is dynamic and (ii) most of us spend most of
their time indoor.
75.2 Experiment
In the framework of the OIE (Outdoor and Indoor Exposure) project, both a measurement campaigns and a modelling effort are done to evaluate personal exposure to
black carbon (BC), nitrogen oxides (NO and NO 2 ), ozone (O 3 ) and fine dust (PM 2.5 ),
and to relate to population exposure.
75.2.1 Measurements
The portable devices used for our measurement campaigns are on one hand the AethLabs AE51 and on the other hand the so-called Antilope, developed for ISSeP by
the CECOTEPE. The first has already been used extensively in a series of studies,
while the latter is a prototype based on three low-cost gas sensors from Alphasense
and one low-cost particle sensor from Honeywell (see Figs. 75.1 and 75.2). In addition, a GPS sensor keeps track of the subject’s movements, a weather sensor records
temperature, relative humidity and barometric pressure in the direct vicinity of the
printed circuit board, and another one checks when a pre-determined acceleration
threshold is overrun.
75.2.2 Modelling
For our simulations, we have chosen the IFDM-OSPM model chain [1], recently
re-baptized AtmoStreet. It’s basically a two-level modelling system that consists
of a Gaussian model for industry, shipping and major road emissions, a highlyparameterized box model for simulating pollution dispersion in street canyons, and
a procedure to avoid double count of emissions, as well as to maintain a state of
chemical equilibrium between NO X and O 3 . Receptor points are spread in a different
way along line or around point sources for IFDM, and at the center of the street