62 Sea Spray Effects on Marine and Coastal Boundary Layer
393
Fig. 62.5 Time-height cross section for salt concentration for simulations a with and b without the
sea spray impact
presents similar behavior. The increase in the moistening of the near surface air due
to sea spray is evident close to sea surface. The difference in the amount of water
vapor decreases with the height and tends to minimize in altitudes above 500 m.
The concentrations with height in salt aerosols tend to be higher when the contribution of spray fluxes is significant (Fig. 62.5). It is also evident that salt particles
disperse faster in the case where ocean spray is considered, as defined in the last
hours of the demonstrated example.
62.4 Conclusions
The simulations showed that inclusion of sea state and sea spray effects lead to
alterations in atmospheric stratification with intensified heat fluxes that affect the
profiles of water vapour and wind speed. The impacts extended on sea salt production
and concentration. Due to limited space, further discussion and evaluation of the
modeling system is provided in [6].
References
1. E.L. Andreas, L. Mahrt, D. Vickers, An improved bulk air–sea surface flux algorithm, including
spray-mediated transfer. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 141, 642–654 (2015)
2. S.L. Gong, A parameterization of sea-salt aerosol source function for sub- and super-micron
particles. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 17, n/a–n/a (2003)
3. P. Janssen, The Interaction of Ocean Waves and Wind (Cambridge University Press, 2004)
4. D.H. Richter, F. Veron, Ocean spray: an outsized influence on weather and climate. Phys. Today
69, 34–39 (2016)
5. S. Solomos, G. Kallos, J. Kushta, M. Astitha, C. Tremback, A. Nenes, Z. Levin, An integrated
modeling study on the effects of mineral dust and sea salt particles on clouds and precipitation.
Atmos. Chem. Phys. 11, 873–892 (2011)
6. C. Stathopoulos, G. Galanis, G. Kallos, A study of mechanical and thermodynamical air-ocean
interface processes with a coupled modeling approach (submitted to Ocean Modeling) (2018)
393
Fig. 62.5 Time-height cross section for salt concentration for simulations a with and b without the
sea spray impact
presents similar behavior. The increase in the moistening of the near surface air due
to sea spray is evident close to sea surface. The difference in the amount of water
vapor decreases with the height and tends to minimize in altitudes above 500 m.
The concentrations with height in salt aerosols tend to be higher when the contribution of spray fluxes is significant (Fig. 62.5). It is also evident that salt particles
disperse faster in the case where ocean spray is considered, as defined in the last
hours of the demonstrated example.
62.4 Conclusions
The simulations showed that inclusion of sea state and sea spray effects lead to
alterations in atmospheric stratification with intensified heat fluxes that affect the
profiles of water vapour and wind speed. The impacts extended on sea salt production
and concentration. Due to limited space, further discussion and evaluation of the
modeling system is provided in [6].
References
1. E.L. Andreas, L. Mahrt, D. Vickers, An improved bulk air–sea surface flux algorithm, including
spray-mediated transfer. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 141, 642–654 (2015)
2. S.L. Gong, A parameterization of sea-salt aerosol source function for sub- and super-micron
particles. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 17, n/a–n/a (2003)
3. P. Janssen, The Interaction of Ocean Waves and Wind (Cambridge University Press, 2004)
4. D.H. Richter, F. Veron, Ocean spray: an outsized influence on weather and climate. Phys. Today
69, 34–39 (2016)
5. S. Solomos, G. Kallos, J. Kushta, M. Astitha, C. Tremback, A. Nenes, Z. Levin, An integrated
modeling study on the effects of mineral dust and sea salt particles on clouds and precipitation.
Atmos. Chem. Phys. 11, 873–892 (2011)
6. C. Stathopoulos, G. Galanis, G. Kallos, A study of mechanical and thermodynamical air-ocean
interface processes with a coupled modeling approach (submitted to Ocean Modeling) (2018)