61 Modelling Organic Aerosol in Europe …
385
data with or without installation of diesel particle filter [6]; parameters for BB were
updated by latest smog-chamber data by PSI-LAC.
The meteorological input was prepared by Weather Research and Forecasting
Model WRF-ARW version 3.7.1 with the ECMWF (European Centre for MediumRange Weather Forecasts) global atmospheric reanalysis ERA-Interim data. The
MOZART global model data was adopted for initial and boundary conditions.
Biogenic emissions were estimated by PSI-model developed by [8]. The anthropogenic emissions were obtained from the high-resolution European emission inventory TNO-MACC (Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate)-III. The
IVOC emissions for different sources were estimated as 25% and 20% of NMVOCs
from gasoline and diesel vehicles, respectively [9], 4.5 times of POA from biomass
burning [10] and 1.5 times of POA from other anthropogenic sources [11]. A factor
of 3 was adopted for POA emission to compensate the influence of missing SVOCs
in emission inventory. Along with the modified model (referred as NEW), a base
case simulation (BASE) with default parameters of CAMx v6.3 was also conducted
for comparison. Modelled OA was compared with measurements at 8 ACSM/AMS
(Aerodyne Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor/Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer) stations.
61.3 Results and Discussion
61.3.1 Model Evaluation
Statistical metrics for OA concentrations by CAMx with modified (NEW) and default
(BASE) parameterization are shown in Table 61.1. Zurich, Marseille and Bologna are
urban stations, Paris is a suburban station, while Mace Head, Montsec, Finokalia and
San Pietro Capofiume (SPC) are rural or remote stations. For all the urban stations,
NEW parameterization effectively decreased the mean bias (by 24–52%) between
model and measurements. For rural stations dominated by biogenic and biomass
burning emissions, although mean bias decreased except for SPC, the mean error
(ME) and root mean square error (RMSE) increased in Mace Head, Montsec and
SPC. Improvement only occurred in Finokalia (MB by 21%, ME by 4%, RMSE by
4%).
61.3.2 Contribution of Anthropogenic and Biogenic Sources
Contribution of major anthropogenic and biogenic sources to surface OA concentrations varied with season and location. Biomass burning contributed most to winter
OA at most of the sites, while biogenic sources dominated the summer OA (see
example of Zurich in Fig. 61.1). In remote area such as Montsec (1570 m a.s.l.,
385
data with or without installation of diesel particle filter [6]; parameters for BB were
updated by latest smog-chamber data by PSI-LAC.
The meteorological input was prepared by Weather Research and Forecasting
Model WRF-ARW version 3.7.1 with the ECMWF (European Centre for MediumRange Weather Forecasts) global atmospheric reanalysis ERA-Interim data. The
MOZART global model data was adopted for initial and boundary conditions.
Biogenic emissions were estimated by PSI-model developed by [8]. The anthropogenic emissions were obtained from the high-resolution European emission inventory TNO-MACC (Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate)-III. The
IVOC emissions for different sources were estimated as 25% and 20% of NMVOCs
from gasoline and diesel vehicles, respectively [9], 4.5 times of POA from biomass
burning [10] and 1.5 times of POA from other anthropogenic sources [11]. A factor
of 3 was adopted for POA emission to compensate the influence of missing SVOCs
in emission inventory. Along with the modified model (referred as NEW), a base
case simulation (BASE) with default parameters of CAMx v6.3 was also conducted
for comparison. Modelled OA was compared with measurements at 8 ACSM/AMS
(Aerodyne Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor/Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer) stations.
61.3 Results and Discussion
61.3.1 Model Evaluation
Statistical metrics for OA concentrations by CAMx with modified (NEW) and default
(BASE) parameterization are shown in Table 61.1. Zurich, Marseille and Bologna are
urban stations, Paris is a suburban station, while Mace Head, Montsec, Finokalia and
San Pietro Capofiume (SPC) are rural or remote stations. For all the urban stations,
NEW parameterization effectively decreased the mean bias (by 24–52%) between
model and measurements. For rural stations dominated by biogenic and biomass
burning emissions, although mean bias decreased except for SPC, the mean error
(ME) and root mean square error (RMSE) increased in Mace Head, Montsec and
SPC. Improvement only occurred in Finokalia (MB by 21%, ME by 4%, RMSE by
4%).
61.3.2 Contribution of Anthropogenic and Biogenic Sources
Contribution of major anthropogenic and biogenic sources to surface OA concentrations varied with season and location. Biomass burning contributed most to winter
OA at most of the sites, while biogenic sources dominated the summer OA (see
example of Zurich in Fig. 61.1). In remote area such as Montsec (1570 m a.s.l.,