Chapter 32
Modeling of Leisure Craft Emissions
Lasse Johansson, Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen, Erik Fridell, Ilja Maljutenko,
Erik Ytreberg, Martin Eriksson, Eva Roth and Vivian Fischer
Abstract Commercial shipping fleet and its emissions can be modeled in detail,
but the emission from leisure craft are often invisible for activity based, bottom-up
emission inventories. A new model (FMI-BEAM) describes the emissions from the
leisure craft fleet in the Baltic Sea area, complementing the existing STEAM emission
modeling suite. BEAM combines information from over 3000 boat marina locations,
national small boat registries, Automatic Identification System data and boat survey
results to derive leisure boat emissions for over 250,000 boats around the Baltic Sea
coastline. The location of marinas and boat counts were determined from satellite
images and other available data. With the BEAM leisure craft simulation model the
spatial and temporal distribution of air emissions can be estimated. The presented
results describe our first attempt to generate fuel consumption and emission inventory
for small boats which have been underrepresented in current emission inventories.
Small boat activity often occurs near the coastline in vicinity of populated areas
and leisure craft emissions contribute to local air quality. The emissions of carbon
monoxide and hydrocarbons are high compared to the emissions of commercial
shipping, because very high emission levels are allowed for old small boat engines
L. Johansson (B) · J.-P. Jalkanen
Atmospheric Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palmen’s Square 1,
00560 Helsinki, Finland
e-mail: lasse.johansson@fmi.fi
E. Fridell
Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Aschebergsgatan 44, 41133 Göteborg, Sweden
I. Maljutenko
Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate Tee 5, 12616 Tallinn, Estonia
E. Ytreberg · M. Eriksson
Shipping and Marine Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg,
Sweden
E. Roth
University of Southern Denmark, Niels Bohrs Vej 9-10, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark
V. Fischer
Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Straße 1, Geesthacht, Germany
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
C. Mensink et al. (eds.), Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXVI,
Springer Proceedings in Complexity,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22055-6_32
205
Modeling of Leisure Craft Emissions
Lasse Johansson, Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen, Erik Fridell, Ilja Maljutenko,
Erik Ytreberg, Martin Eriksson, Eva Roth and Vivian Fischer
Abstract Commercial shipping fleet and its emissions can be modeled in detail,
but the emission from leisure craft are often invisible for activity based, bottom-up
emission inventories. A new model (FMI-BEAM) describes the emissions from the
leisure craft fleet in the Baltic Sea area, complementing the existing STEAM emission
modeling suite. BEAM combines information from over 3000 boat marina locations,
national small boat registries, Automatic Identification System data and boat survey
results to derive leisure boat emissions for over 250,000 boats around the Baltic Sea
coastline. The location of marinas and boat counts were determined from satellite
images and other available data. With the BEAM leisure craft simulation model the
spatial and temporal distribution of air emissions can be estimated. The presented
results describe our first attempt to generate fuel consumption and emission inventory
for small boats which have been underrepresented in current emission inventories.
Small boat activity often occurs near the coastline in vicinity of populated areas
and leisure craft emissions contribute to local air quality. The emissions of carbon
monoxide and hydrocarbons are high compared to the emissions of commercial
shipping, because very high emission levels are allowed for old small boat engines
L. Johansson (B) · J.-P. Jalkanen
Atmospheric Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palmen’s Square 1,
00560 Helsinki, Finland
e-mail: lasse.johansson@fmi.fi
E. Fridell
Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Aschebergsgatan 44, 41133 Göteborg, Sweden
I. Maljutenko
Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate Tee 5, 12616 Tallinn, Estonia
E. Ytreberg · M. Eriksson
Shipping and Marine Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg,
Sweden
E. Roth
University of Southern Denmark, Niels Bohrs Vej 9-10, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark
V. Fischer
Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Straße 1, Geesthacht, Germany
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
C. Mensink et al. (eds.), Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXVI,
Springer Proceedings in Complexity,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22055-6_32
205