144
W. Lefebvre et al.
The resulting concentrations have been compared to the independent measurement
campaign described above, integrating now also the street canyon locations of that
campaign into the validation. It shows a high correlation between measurements and
model, a low bias and a low RMSE (Fig. 22.1).
22.6 Conclusions
It was shown that using a combination of tools high-resolution and high quality
air pollution maps can be made for assessment of air quality in a region. Several
problems were encountered during the creation of these maps: avoidance of double
counting, deficiencies in the basic data (locations of the roads) and difficulties in preand postprocessing street canyon data. The solutions applied for all of these problems
in order to reach the current high resolution assessment maps were discussed.
Q & A
QUESTIONER: Sebnem Aksoyoglu
QUESTION: NO 2 concentrations are very high. Probably O 3 is not a problem there,
but what about nitrate concentrations? Are they high?
ANSWER: O 3 is indeed not often a problem in Flanders. Although we have some
days exceeding the 180 μg/m
3 value, the problem is limited to severe heath waves.
Nitrate concentrations are often high, which leads to creation of secondary particulate
matter in combination with the high ammonia emissions in the region.
References
1. R. Berkowicz, OSPM—A parameterised street pollution model. Environ. Monit. Assess. 65(1/2),
323–331 (2000)
2. J. Hooyberghs, C. Mensink, G. Dumont, F. Fierens, Spatial interpolation of ambient ozone
concentrations from sparse monitoring points in Belgium. J. Environ. Monit. 8, 1129–1135
(2006)
3. J. Janssen, G. Dumont, F. Fierens, C. Mensink, Spatial interpolation of air pollution measurements using CORINE land cover data. Atmos. Environ. 42, 4884–4903 (2008)
4. O. Kracht et al., Spatial representativeness of air quality monitoring sites—Outcomes of the
FAIRMODE intercomparison exercise, JRC Technical report, in press (2018)
5. W. Lefebvre et al., Validation of the MIMOSA-AURORA-IFDM model chain for policy support: modeling concentrations of elemental carbon in Flanders. Atmos. Environ. 45, 6705–6713
(2011)
6. W. Lefebvre, B. Degraeuwe, C. Beckx, M. Vanhulsel, B. Kochan, T. Bellemans, D. Janssens,
G. Wets, S. Janssen, I. de Vlieger, Panis L. Int, S. Dhondt, Presentation and evaluation of
an integrated model chain to respond to traffic- and health-related policy questions. Environ.
Modell. Softw. 40, 160–170 (2013)
7. W. Lefebvre, M. Van Poppel, B. Maiheu, S. Janssen, E. Dons, Evaluation of the RIO-IFDM-street
canyon model chain. Atmos. Environ. 77, 325–337 (2013)
W. Lefebvre et al.
The resulting concentrations have been compared to the independent measurement
campaign described above, integrating now also the street canyon locations of that
campaign into the validation. It shows a high correlation between measurements and
model, a low bias and a low RMSE (Fig. 22.1).
22.6 Conclusions
It was shown that using a combination of tools high-resolution and high quality
air pollution maps can be made for assessment of air quality in a region. Several
problems were encountered during the creation of these maps: avoidance of double
counting, deficiencies in the basic data (locations of the roads) and difficulties in preand postprocessing street canyon data. The solutions applied for all of these problems
in order to reach the current high resolution assessment maps were discussed.
Q & A
QUESTIONER: Sebnem Aksoyoglu
QUESTION: NO 2 concentrations are very high. Probably O 3 is not a problem there,
but what about nitrate concentrations? Are they high?
ANSWER: O 3 is indeed not often a problem in Flanders. Although we have some
days exceeding the 180 μg/m
3 value, the problem is limited to severe heath waves.
Nitrate concentrations are often high, which leads to creation of secondary particulate
matter in combination with the high ammonia emissions in the region.
References
1. R. Berkowicz, OSPM—A parameterised street pollution model. Environ. Monit. Assess. 65(1/2),
323–331 (2000)
2. J. Hooyberghs, C. Mensink, G. Dumont, F. Fierens, Spatial interpolation of ambient ozone
concentrations from sparse monitoring points in Belgium. J. Environ. Monit. 8, 1129–1135
(2006)
3. J. Janssen, G. Dumont, F. Fierens, C. Mensink, Spatial interpolation of air pollution measurements using CORINE land cover data. Atmos. Environ. 42, 4884–4903 (2008)
4. O. Kracht et al., Spatial representativeness of air quality monitoring sites—Outcomes of the
FAIRMODE intercomparison exercise, JRC Technical report, in press (2018)
5. W. Lefebvre et al., Validation of the MIMOSA-AURORA-IFDM model chain for policy support: modeling concentrations of elemental carbon in Flanders. Atmos. Environ. 45, 6705–6713
(2011)
6. W. Lefebvre, B. Degraeuwe, C. Beckx, M. Vanhulsel, B. Kochan, T. Bellemans, D. Janssens,
G. Wets, S. Janssen, I. de Vlieger, Panis L. Int, S. Dhondt, Presentation and evaluation of
an integrated model chain to respond to traffic- and health-related policy questions. Environ.
Modell. Softw. 40, 160–170 (2013)
7. W. Lefebvre, M. Van Poppel, B. Maiheu, S. Janssen, E. Dons, Evaluation of the RIO-IFDM-street
canyon model chain. Atmos. Environ. 77, 325–337 (2013)