76
M. A. S. Abdel Monem and I. A. El Ghandour
innovation in youth, or in fostering talents in schools, or in creative appreciation
and motivation.
• Lack of awareness of the importance of intellectual property and its protection:
In light of the limited implementation of Intellectual Property Laws in Egypt,
researchers and innovators do not enjoy their intellectual rights.
10 Conclusions
Science policy interface is vital in approaching the climate change challenges globally and specifically in Egypt. Innovations and new technologies have the major role
of developing new crops varieties that are resistant to possible impacts of climate
change (heat, drought and salinity stress), disease, and producing higher yields. These
technologies should be simplified to be close to the policymakers, who need to understand the nature and processes of scientific innovation and to enhance an environment
in which it can flourish in responding to the emerging challenges. Water, food energy
and climate change nexus can be the major concern of the scientific research plans,
programs and projects in Egypt. Also, Policy timescales are generally shorter than
scientific developments, so policy needs to demonstrate more continuity for fostering innovation. Because of the cost of research, Funding for scientific research and
development needs long-term commitments which are not affected by rapid policy
changes. There is also a need for more international cooperation.
11 Recommendations
This chapter highlights the following recommendations:
1. Guide the research agenda in Egypt to provide scientific facts to inform policy
makers with information and knowledge related to climate change and its impact
on agriculture sector.
2. Enhance the role of the scientific research entities in presenting the knowledge
in a simple way for the decision makers and the general public.
3. Mainstream climate change assessment, impact and measures of adaptation in
the research programs of the research institutions.
4. Establish strong linkages between the local civil society organizations and the
agricultural research bodies in the country to empower these organization with
the necessary tools and gaudiness to approach climate change challenges at the
levels of local communities.
M. A. S. Abdel Monem and I. A. El Ghandour
innovation in youth, or in fostering talents in schools, or in creative appreciation
and motivation.
• Lack of awareness of the importance of intellectual property and its protection:
In light of the limited implementation of Intellectual Property Laws in Egypt,
researchers and innovators do not enjoy their intellectual rights.
10 Conclusions
Science policy interface is vital in approaching the climate change challenges globally and specifically in Egypt. Innovations and new technologies have the major role
of developing new crops varieties that are resistant to possible impacts of climate
change (heat, drought and salinity stress), disease, and producing higher yields. These
technologies should be simplified to be close to the policymakers, who need to understand the nature and processes of scientific innovation and to enhance an environment
in which it can flourish in responding to the emerging challenges. Water, food energy
and climate change nexus can be the major concern of the scientific research plans,
programs and projects in Egypt. Also, Policy timescales are generally shorter than
scientific developments, so policy needs to demonstrate more continuity for fostering innovation. Because of the cost of research, Funding for scientific research and
development needs long-term commitments which are not affected by rapid policy
changes. There is also a need for more international cooperation.
11 Recommendations
This chapter highlights the following recommendations:
1. Guide the research agenda in Egypt to provide scientific facts to inform policy
makers with information and knowledge related to climate change and its impact
on agriculture sector.
2. Enhance the role of the scientific research entities in presenting the knowledge
in a simple way for the decision makers and the general public.
3. Mainstream climate change assessment, impact and measures of adaptation in
the research programs of the research institutions.
4. Establish strong linkages between the local civil society organizations and the
agricultural research bodies in the country to empower these organization with
the necessary tools and gaudiness to approach climate change challenges at the
levels of local communities.