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S. A. Zahran
4.3.1 International Level
• Egypt signed the UFCCC on 10 November 1994. Egypt signed the Kyoto Protocol,
on 15 March 1999.
• Egypt prepared and submitted three communications under the UFCCC, which
triggered various useful studies and strategies relating to climate change; first in
1999, second in 2010 and third is in 2013.
• In 2008, Egypt partnered with the Millennium Development Goals Achievement
Fund (MDG-F) to establish and implement a Climate Change Risk Management
Program.
• In Dec 2015, Egypt participated in Paris international conference for climate
change with highest level officials.
• In April 2016, Egypt signed the Paris convention for combating climate change.
• In May 2017, the Egyptian Parliament approved the Egyptian involvement in Paris
convention for combating climate change.
• In Dec 2018, Egypt participated in Paris international conference for climate
change with highest level officials.
4.3.2 National Level
• Egypt formed an inter-ministerial National Climate Change Committee in October
1997 and restructured it in 2007.
• On 14 March 2005, the Minister of Environmental Affairs established the Designated National Authority of Clean Development Mechanism by Decree no. 42 for
the year 2005. Egypt is deemed to be ‘among the leading countries in Arab States
region in terms of the number of registered Clean Development Mechanism CDM
projects’ [17].
• In 2010, Egypt published a National Environmental, Economic and Development
Study (NEEDS) for Climate Change to outline the financial and institutional needs
for adaptation measures.
• In 2013, the Ministry of Environmental Affairs placed a strategy for renewable
energy adoption in Egypt to 2035.
• In 2014, the Ministry of Environmental Affairs signed an agreement in January
2014 with Italian Minister of Environment to transform El-Gouna City into the
first carbon-neutral city in Africa.
• In 2016, Egypt launched 2030 national strategy towards sustainable development,
with the fourth strategic goal of combating the effects of climate change (http://
sdsegypt2030.com).
• In 2017, the Agriculture research center of the Ministry of agriculture and land
reclamation prepared the Egyptian agricultural strategy 2030 including a complete
chapter on climate change and related adaptation measures.
S. A. Zahran
4.3.1 International Level
• Egypt signed the UFCCC on 10 November 1994. Egypt signed the Kyoto Protocol,
on 15 March 1999.
• Egypt prepared and submitted three communications under the UFCCC, which
triggered various useful studies and strategies relating to climate change; first in
1999, second in 2010 and third is in 2013.
• In 2008, Egypt partnered with the Millennium Development Goals Achievement
Fund (MDG-F) to establish and implement a Climate Change Risk Management
Program.
• In Dec 2015, Egypt participated in Paris international conference for climate
change with highest level officials.
• In April 2016, Egypt signed the Paris convention for combating climate change.
• In May 2017, the Egyptian Parliament approved the Egyptian involvement in Paris
convention for combating climate change.
• In Dec 2018, Egypt participated in Paris international conference for climate
change with highest level officials.
4.3.2 National Level
• Egypt formed an inter-ministerial National Climate Change Committee in October
1997 and restructured it in 2007.
• On 14 March 2005, the Minister of Environmental Affairs established the Designated National Authority of Clean Development Mechanism by Decree no. 42 for
the year 2005. Egypt is deemed to be ‘among the leading countries in Arab States
region in terms of the number of registered Clean Development Mechanism CDM
projects’ [17].
• In 2010, Egypt published a National Environmental, Economic and Development
Study (NEEDS) for Climate Change to outline the financial and institutional needs
for adaptation measures.
• In 2013, the Ministry of Environmental Affairs placed a strategy for renewable
energy adoption in Egypt to 2035.
• In 2014, the Ministry of Environmental Affairs signed an agreement in January
2014 with Italian Minister of Environment to transform El-Gouna City into the
first carbon-neutral city in Africa.
• In 2016, Egypt launched 2030 national strategy towards sustainable development,
with the fourth strategic goal of combating the effects of climate change (http://
sdsegypt2030.com).
• In 2017, the Agriculture research center of the Ministry of agriculture and land
reclamation prepared the Egyptian agricultural strategy 2030 including a complete
chapter on climate change and related adaptation measures.