An Overview of Paleo-Climate Evidence in Egypt
43
111. Smith T, Rana RS, Missiaen P, Rose KD, Sahni A, Singh H, Singh L (2007) Highest diversity
of earliest bats in the Early Eocene of India. Naturwissenscehaften 94:1003–1009
112. Koch PL, Zachos JC, Dettman DL (1995) Stable isotope stratigraphy and paleoclimatology
of the Paleogene Bighom Basin (Wyoming, USA). Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol
115:61–89
113. Koch PL, Zachos JC, Gingerich PD (1992) Correlation between isotope records in marine
and continental carbon reservoirs near the Paleocene- Eocene boundary. Nature 358:319–322
114. McInerney FA, Wing SL (2011) The Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum: a perturbation of
carbon cycle, climate, and biosphere with implications for the future. Ann Rev Earth Planet
Sci 39:489–516
115. Moore EA, Kurtz AC (2008) Black carbon in Paleocene-Eocene boundary sediments: a test of
biomass combustion as the PETM trigger. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 267:147–
152
116. Westerhold T, Röhl U, Donner B, McCarren HK, Zachos JC (2011) A complete highresolution Paleocene benthic stable isotope record for the central Pacific (ODP Site 1209).
Paleoceanography 26(2)
117. Gavrilov YO, Shcherbinina EA, Oberhänsli H (2003) Paleocene-Eocene boundary events in
the northeastern Peri-Tethys. Geol Soc Am Spec Pap 369:147–168
118. Zachos JC, Röhl U, Schellenberg SA, Sluijs A, Hodell DA, Kelly DC, Thomas E, Nicolo M,
Raffi I, Lourens LJ, McCarren H, Kroon D (2005) Rapid acidification of the ocean during the
Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum. Science 308:1161–1611
119. Dickens G (2011) Down the Rabbit Hole: toward appropriate discussion of methane release
from gas hydrate systems during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum and other past
hyperthermal events. Clim Past 7:831–846
120. Katz M, Cramer B, Mountain G, Katz S, Miller K (2001) Uncorking the bottle: what triggered
the paleocene/Eocene thermal maximum methane release? Paleoceanography 16(6):549–562
121. Dickens GR, Castillo MM, Walker JCG (1997) A blast of gas in the latest Paleocene:
simulating first-order effects of massive dissociation of oceanic methane hydrate. Geology
25:259–262
122. Bowen GJ, Zachos JC (2010) Rapid carbon sequestration at the termination of the PalaeoceneEocene thermal maximum. Nat Geosci 3:866–869
123. Sluijs A, Schouten S, Pagani M, Woltering M, Brinkhuis H, Sinninghe Damsté JS, Dickens
GR, Huber M, Reichart GJ, Stein R (2006) Subtropical Arctic Ocean temperatures during the
Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum. Nature 441:610–613
124. Weijers JWH, Schouten S, Sluijs A, Brinkhuis H, Sinninghe Damsté JS (2007) Warm Arctic
continents during the Palaeocene-Eocene thermal maximum. Earth Planet Sci Lett 261:230–
238
125. Zachos JC, Schouten S, Bohaty S, Quattlebaum T, Sluijs A, Brinkhuis H, Gibbs SJ, Bralower
TJ (2006) Extreme warming of mid-latitude coastal ocean during the Paleocene-Eocene
thermal maximum: inferences from TEX86 and isotope data. Geology 34:737–740
126. Bains S, Norris RD, Corfield RM, Faul KL (2000) Termination of global warmth at the
Palaeocene/Eocene boundary through productivity feedback. Nature 407:171–174
127. Torfstein A, Winckler G, Tripati A (2010) Productivity feedback did not terminate the
Paleocene Eocene thermal maximum (PETM). Clim Past 5:2391–2410
128. Kelly DC, Nielsen T, McCarren H, Zachos JC, Rohl U (2010) Spatiotemporal patterns of
carbonate sedimentation in the South Atlantic: implications for carbon cycling during the
Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 293:30–40
129. Kelly DC, Zachos JC, Bralower TJ, Schellenberg SA (2005) Enhanced terrestrial weathering/runoff and surface ocean carbonate production during the recovery stages of the Paleocene
Eocene thermal maximum. Paleoceanography 20:4023
130. Aubry M-P, Ouda K, Dupuis C, Berggren WA, Van Couvering JA, Members of the Working
Group on the Paleocene/Eocene Boundary (2007) The global standard stratotype-section and
point (GSSP) for the base of the Eocene Series in the Dababiya section (Egypt). Episodes
30(4):271–286
43
111. Smith T, Rana RS, Missiaen P, Rose KD, Sahni A, Singh H, Singh L (2007) Highest diversity
of earliest bats in the Early Eocene of India. Naturwissenscehaften 94:1003–1009
112. Koch PL, Zachos JC, Dettman DL (1995) Stable isotope stratigraphy and paleoclimatology
of the Paleogene Bighom Basin (Wyoming, USA). Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol
115:61–89
113. Koch PL, Zachos JC, Gingerich PD (1992) Correlation between isotope records in marine
and continental carbon reservoirs near the Paleocene- Eocene boundary. Nature 358:319–322
114. McInerney FA, Wing SL (2011) The Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum: a perturbation of
carbon cycle, climate, and biosphere with implications for the future. Ann Rev Earth Planet
Sci 39:489–516
115. Moore EA, Kurtz AC (2008) Black carbon in Paleocene-Eocene boundary sediments: a test of
biomass combustion as the PETM trigger. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 267:147–
152
116. Westerhold T, Röhl U, Donner B, McCarren HK, Zachos JC (2011) A complete highresolution Paleocene benthic stable isotope record for the central Pacific (ODP Site 1209).
Paleoceanography 26(2)
117. Gavrilov YO, Shcherbinina EA, Oberhänsli H (2003) Paleocene-Eocene boundary events in
the northeastern Peri-Tethys. Geol Soc Am Spec Pap 369:147–168
118. Zachos JC, Röhl U, Schellenberg SA, Sluijs A, Hodell DA, Kelly DC, Thomas E, Nicolo M,
Raffi I, Lourens LJ, McCarren H, Kroon D (2005) Rapid acidification of the ocean during the
Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum. Science 308:1161–1611
119. Dickens G (2011) Down the Rabbit Hole: toward appropriate discussion of methane release
from gas hydrate systems during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum and other past
hyperthermal events. Clim Past 7:831–846
120. Katz M, Cramer B, Mountain G, Katz S, Miller K (2001) Uncorking the bottle: what triggered
the paleocene/Eocene thermal maximum methane release? Paleoceanography 16(6):549–562
121. Dickens GR, Castillo MM, Walker JCG (1997) A blast of gas in the latest Paleocene:
simulating first-order effects of massive dissociation of oceanic methane hydrate. Geology
25:259–262
122. Bowen GJ, Zachos JC (2010) Rapid carbon sequestration at the termination of the PalaeoceneEocene thermal maximum. Nat Geosci 3:866–869
123. Sluijs A, Schouten S, Pagani M, Woltering M, Brinkhuis H, Sinninghe Damsté JS, Dickens
GR, Huber M, Reichart GJ, Stein R (2006) Subtropical Arctic Ocean temperatures during the
Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum. Nature 441:610–613
124. Weijers JWH, Schouten S, Sluijs A, Brinkhuis H, Sinninghe Damsté JS (2007) Warm Arctic
continents during the Palaeocene-Eocene thermal maximum. Earth Planet Sci Lett 261:230–
238
125. Zachos JC, Schouten S, Bohaty S, Quattlebaum T, Sluijs A, Brinkhuis H, Gibbs SJ, Bralower
TJ (2006) Extreme warming of mid-latitude coastal ocean during the Paleocene-Eocene
thermal maximum: inferences from TEX86 and isotope data. Geology 34:737–740
126. Bains S, Norris RD, Corfield RM, Faul KL (2000) Termination of global warmth at the
Palaeocene/Eocene boundary through productivity feedback. Nature 407:171–174
127. Torfstein A, Winckler G, Tripati A (2010) Productivity feedback did not terminate the
Paleocene Eocene thermal maximum (PETM). Clim Past 5:2391–2410
128. Kelly DC, Nielsen T, McCarren H, Zachos JC, Rohl U (2010) Spatiotemporal patterns of
carbonate sedimentation in the South Atlantic: implications for carbon cycling during the
Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 293:30–40
129. Kelly DC, Zachos JC, Bralower TJ, Schellenberg SA (2005) Enhanced terrestrial weathering/runoff and surface ocean carbonate production during the recovery stages of the Paleocene
Eocene thermal maximum. Paleoceanography 20:4023
130. Aubry M-P, Ouda K, Dupuis C, Berggren WA, Van Couvering JA, Members of the Working
Group on the Paleocene/Eocene Boundary (2007) The global standard stratotype-section and
point (GSSP) for the base of the Eocene Series in the Dababiya section (Egypt). Episodes
30(4):271–286