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A. Soliman and A. M. Safwat
of bicarbonate become low (the second slice necessary to form the egg shell) and
do not find enough calcium ions to connect with it for the formation of calcium
carbonate, which is the basic component of the shell as mentioned above. As a result
of this, eggs are produced with weak shell sickness and the proportion of eggs without
shell.
Improve Egg Shell Quality
There are many trends and practices that minimize the harmful effects of exposure
to long periods of heat stress, including environmental issues related to management
factors and herd care, including the treatment of nutrition [8]. For example, the
addition of ascorbic acid at the rate of 250 mg/kg of important treatments that reduce
the impact of heat stress on birds and improve the properties of eggshell produced,
this vitamin reduces the level of cortisone in blood plasma and helps stimulate the
absorption of calcium and vitamin D of the intestine, then increase the calcium level
in the plasma to the point where it supports the normal deposition of minerals in the
bones [9].
Respiratory alkalosis can also be combated nutritionally by providing a source
of anion via feed or water. Supplemental ammonium chloride in drinking water of
chronically heat-stressed birds can return blood pH to normal [10]. During acute heat
stress, the provision of ammonium chloride or carbonate water has been found to
decrease blood pH. Many researchers pointed to the need to add sodium bicarbonate
in the drinking water of the laying hens at a rate of 0.5–2% under the conditions of
thermal stress, lead to increase the shell strength and improve its quality. The addition
of bicarbonate leads to the adjustment of pH, which positively affects the quality of
egg shell [11].
Some minerals, such as zinc, manganese and copper, are involved in the
metabolism of the eggshell, by acting as catalysts for enzymes involved in the formation and stimulation of calcium carbonate deposition to form the egg shell. The
addition of the zinc element of the important points to increase the level of the enzyme
carbonic anhydrase, which enters as a component in the composition of the enzyme,
with increases its activity in the liquid of egg gland.
3.2 Meat Production
The heat produced from broiler is very high, because it consumes high energy in
food while keeping 40%. Thus, 60% of food energy is eliminated in the form of
heat production. Under heat stress birds reduce feed consumption and thus produce
degradation. The performance of birds varies according to the environmental conditions in the breeding area. In areas with high temperatures during the day and low
at night, performance is better than those characterized by high temperature. On this
basis, the raising of broilers in the open bays gives better results in the temperate
A. Soliman and A. M. Safwat
of bicarbonate become low (the second slice necessary to form the egg shell) and
do not find enough calcium ions to connect with it for the formation of calcium
carbonate, which is the basic component of the shell as mentioned above. As a result
of this, eggs are produced with weak shell sickness and the proportion of eggs without
shell.
Improve Egg Shell Quality
There are many trends and practices that minimize the harmful effects of exposure
to long periods of heat stress, including environmental issues related to management
factors and herd care, including the treatment of nutrition [8]. For example, the
addition of ascorbic acid at the rate of 250 mg/kg of important treatments that reduce
the impact of heat stress on birds and improve the properties of eggshell produced,
this vitamin reduces the level of cortisone in blood plasma and helps stimulate the
absorption of calcium and vitamin D of the intestine, then increase the calcium level
in the plasma to the point where it supports the normal deposition of minerals in the
bones [9].
Respiratory alkalosis can also be combated nutritionally by providing a source
of anion via feed or water. Supplemental ammonium chloride in drinking water of
chronically heat-stressed birds can return blood pH to normal [10]. During acute heat
stress, the provision of ammonium chloride or carbonate water has been found to
decrease blood pH. Many researchers pointed to the need to add sodium bicarbonate
in the drinking water of the laying hens at a rate of 0.5–2% under the conditions of
thermal stress, lead to increase the shell strength and improve its quality. The addition
of bicarbonate leads to the adjustment of pH, which positively affects the quality of
egg shell [11].
Some minerals, such as zinc, manganese and copper, are involved in the
metabolism of the eggshell, by acting as catalysts for enzymes involved in the formation and stimulation of calcium carbonate deposition to form the egg shell. The
addition of the zinc element of the important points to increase the level of the enzyme
carbonic anhydrase, which enters as a component in the composition of the enzyme,
with increases its activity in the liquid of egg gland.
3.2 Meat Production
The heat produced from broiler is very high, because it consumes high energy in
food while keeping 40%. Thus, 60% of food energy is eliminated in the form of
heat production. Under heat stress birds reduce feed consumption and thus produce
degradation. The performance of birds varies according to the environmental conditions in the breeding area. In areas with high temperatures during the day and low
at night, performance is better than those characterized by high temperature. On this
basis, the raising of broilers in the open bays gives better results in the temperate