Facing Climate Change: Urban Gardening and Sustainable …
371
Particulate matter PM 2.5 alone is responsible for over 2 million deaths a year
around the world [103]. PM also causes damage to the circulatory and respiratory
systems and are also the second largest cause of lung cancer [104] and autism [105].
The literature on particulate matter uptake from the air by outdoor-growing plants is
very extensive, most probably because of this pollutant’s increasing negative impact
worldwide on human health and the environment. The results of Gawro´ nska and
Bakera [106] demonstrated that the amount of PM accumulated on aluminum plates
was always significantly lower than that accumulated on the plants’ leaves, showing
that more than simply gravity forces are involved in PM accumulation on leaf blades.
Broad-leaved taxa with a rough surface (Ulmus sp.) efficiently capture airborne
particulate matters [107]. The importance of plant functional traits differs by site and
plant characteristics.
The literature on the atmospheric particulate matter (PM), and atmospheric
aerosol, has augmented extremely over the last two decades. Fuzzi et al. [108] concluded that increasing scientific awareness in atmospheric PM or aerosol is owed to
their great significance for environmental policy. Particles hanging in air interrelate
with shortwave radiation from the sun and longwave radiation from the Earth, these
relations greatly affect the energy budget and climate of the planet [109]. Actually,
PM starts one of the most interesting problems for air quality and climate change
policies. Atmospheric aerosol particles play an important role in radiation budget of
the Earth’s as they scatter and absorb both shortwave solar radiation and longwave
terrestrial radiation [110]. Particulate matter can directly relate with cloud formation
developments and may control both the amount and location of rainfall [111]. Similarly, the degree of the global effects of PM on climate remains extremely undefined.
In spite of the uncertainty, there are numerous things that could be done to alleviate
local and global harms of atmospheric PM.
Studies have shown that dropping black carbon (BC), one of the further main PM
emissions, using known control measures, would reduce global warming and delay
the period when anthropogenic effects on global temperature would exceed 2 °C.
Therefore, there is ample that could be done to lessen the effects of atmospheric PM
on the climate and the health of the environment and the human population.
9.3 Landscape Plants and Particulates
With the rapid progress of urbanization and industrialization, urban environmental
pollution has become a public concern. This has directed to a huge studies on the
urban environmental pollution issue [112]. Urban air pollution is an ambiguous type
of environmental pollution. Among the pollution types, particulate pollution, notably
PM 10 and PM 2.5 directly or indirectly affect human health.
The sources of urban particulate matters are various, and the most significant ones
come from the emissions of road traffic, fossil fuel combustion and construction dust
[113]. Controlling and reducing urban particulate pollution has become a pressing
problem. Using plants to absorb atmospheric particle matter has been confirmed
371
Particulate matter PM 2.5 alone is responsible for over 2 million deaths a year
around the world [103]. PM also causes damage to the circulatory and respiratory
systems and are also the second largest cause of lung cancer [104] and autism [105].
The literature on particulate matter uptake from the air by outdoor-growing plants is
very extensive, most probably because of this pollutant’s increasing negative impact
worldwide on human health and the environment. The results of Gawro´ nska and
Bakera [106] demonstrated that the amount of PM accumulated on aluminum plates
was always significantly lower than that accumulated on the plants’ leaves, showing
that more than simply gravity forces are involved in PM accumulation on leaf blades.
Broad-leaved taxa with a rough surface (Ulmus sp.) efficiently capture airborne
particulate matters [107]. The importance of plant functional traits differs by site and
plant characteristics.
The literature on the atmospheric particulate matter (PM), and atmospheric
aerosol, has augmented extremely over the last two decades. Fuzzi et al. [108] concluded that increasing scientific awareness in atmospheric PM or aerosol is owed to
their great significance for environmental policy. Particles hanging in air interrelate
with shortwave radiation from the sun and longwave radiation from the Earth, these
relations greatly affect the energy budget and climate of the planet [109]. Actually,
PM starts one of the most interesting problems for air quality and climate change
policies. Atmospheric aerosol particles play an important role in radiation budget of
the Earth’s as they scatter and absorb both shortwave solar radiation and longwave
terrestrial radiation [110]. Particulate matter can directly relate with cloud formation
developments and may control both the amount and location of rainfall [111]. Similarly, the degree of the global effects of PM on climate remains extremely undefined.
In spite of the uncertainty, there are numerous things that could be done to alleviate
local and global harms of atmospheric PM.
Studies have shown that dropping black carbon (BC), one of the further main PM
emissions, using known control measures, would reduce global warming and delay
the period when anthropogenic effects on global temperature would exceed 2 °C.
Therefore, there is ample that could be done to lessen the effects of atmospheric PM
on the climate and the health of the environment and the human population.
9.3 Landscape Plants and Particulates
With the rapid progress of urbanization and industrialization, urban environmental
pollution has become a public concern. This has directed to a huge studies on the
urban environmental pollution issue [112]. Urban air pollution is an ambiguous type
of environmental pollution. Among the pollution types, particulate pollution, notably
PM 10 and PM 2.5 directly or indirectly affect human health.
The sources of urban particulate matters are various, and the most significant ones
come from the emissions of road traffic, fossil fuel combustion and construction dust
[113]. Controlling and reducing urban particulate pollution has become a pressing
problem. Using plants to absorb atmospheric particle matter has been confirmed