Nano-technology for Real-Time Control of the Red Palm …
325
Egg
Adult
Weevil life cycle
Larva
Pupal Case
Pupa
Date palm with first obvious
infestation signs
Bases of palm leave fallen from the
crown, with burrows and extracted
pupal cases
Destroyed crown of a date
palm
Fig. 1 Life cycle stages and damage symptoms of the red palm weevil
3 Materials and Methods
3.1 Quantifying of Individual Palm Trees
The image analysis is valuable for the counting of palm trees. Quantifying palm trees
manually are very time-consuming and complex task, because many factors involve
as physical and environmental conditions. High-resolution IKONOS images have
expanded, which can have the accuracy to view the plantation from many angles.
The system that merges both spatial imaging and spectroscopy is hyperspectral
remote sensing. Images produced from hyperspectral sensors contain much more
data than images from multispectral sensors and have a greater potential to detect
differences between land and water features. For example, multispectral imagery
was used to map forested areas. While hyperspectral imagery can be used to map
tree species within the forest. Jusoff [46] differentiated between the three activities of
remote sensing, i.e. detection, discrimination and identification. Detection involves a
325
Egg
Adult
Weevil life cycle
Larva
Pupal Case
Pupa
Date palm with first obvious
infestation signs
Bases of palm leave fallen from the
crown, with burrows and extracted
pupal cases
Destroyed crown of a date
palm
Fig. 1 Life cycle stages and damage symptoms of the red palm weevil
3 Materials and Methods
3.1 Quantifying of Individual Palm Trees
The image analysis is valuable for the counting of palm trees. Quantifying palm trees
manually are very time-consuming and complex task, because many factors involve
as physical and environmental conditions. High-resolution IKONOS images have
expanded, which can have the accuracy to view the plantation from many angles.
The system that merges both spatial imaging and spectroscopy is hyperspectral
remote sensing. Images produced from hyperspectral sensors contain much more
data than images from multispectral sensors and have a greater potential to detect
differences between land and water features. For example, multispectral imagery
was used to map forested areas. While hyperspectral imagery can be used to map
tree species within the forest. Jusoff [46] differentiated between the three activities of
remote sensing, i.e. detection, discrimination and identification. Detection involves a