316
H. Elbasiouny and F. Elbehiry
many challenges such as climate change, water deficiency and sea level rice, as well
for climate change mitigation.
10 Recommendations
1. Enhancing soil C stock should be considered not only for climate change
mitigation but also for improving soil quality and agricultural productivity.
2. Rice field is one of the most important fields maintaining soil organic matter and
soil C, therefore the quality of these fields should be enhanced or conserved.
3. Under the expected deficiency in water, rice cultivation should be directed in
saving water and maintaining soil C through finding new cultivars consume less
water and new methods reduce irrigation water.
References
1. El-Shahway AS, Mahmoud MMA, Udeigwe TK (2016) Alterations in soil chemical properties
induced by continuous rice cultivation: a study on the arid Nile delta soils of Egypt. Land
Degrad Dev 27:231–238
2. FAO (2003) Rice irrigation in the near East: current situation and prospects for improvement.
FAO Regional Office for the Near East, Cairo, Egypt
3. Shahid M, Nayak AK, Puree C, Tripathi R, Lal B, Gautam P, Bhattacharyya P, Mohanty S,
Kumar A, Panda BB, Kumar U, Shukla AK (2017) Carbon and nitrogen fractions and stocks
under 41 years of chemical and organic fertilization in a sub-humid tropical rice soil. Soil
Tillage Res 170:136–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2017.03.008
4. Zhang Y, Wang Y, Niu H (2017) Spatio-temporal variations in the areas suitable for the
cultivation of rice and maize in China under future climate scenarios. Sci Total Environ
601–602:518–531
5. Sušnik J, Vamvakeridou-Lyroudia LS, Baumert N, Kloos J, Renaud FG, Jeunesse I, Mabrouk
B, Savi´ c DA, Kapelan Z, Ludwig R, Fischer G, Roson R, Zografos C (2015) Interdisciplinary
assessment of sea-level rise and climate change impacts on the lower Nile delta, Egypt. Sci
Total Environ 503–504:279–288
6. Li S, Li J, Li C, Huang S, Li X, Li S, Ma Y (2016) Testing the RothC and DNDC models
against long-term dynamics of soil organic carbon stock observed at cropping field soils in
North China. Soil Tillage Res 163(2016):290–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2016.07.001
7. Mohammadi A, Cowie A, Mai TLA, Rosa RA, Kristiansen P, Brandao M, Joseph S (2016)
Biochar use for climate-change mitigation in rice cropping systems. J Clean Prod 116:61–70.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.12.083
8. Cha-un N, Chidthaisong A, Yagi K, Sudo S, Towprayoon S (2017) Greenhouse gas emissions,
soil carbon sequestration and crop yields in a rain-fed rice field with crop rotation management.
Agr Ecosyst Environ 237:109–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.12.025
9. Liu Y, Yao S, Wang Y, Lu H, Brar SK, Yang S (2017) Bio- and hydrochars from rice straw and
pig manure: inter-comparison. Biores Technol 235:332–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.
2017.03.103
10. Wang Y, Zhou L, Jia Q, Yu W (2017) Water use efficiency of a rice paddy field in Liaohe
Delta, Northeast China. Agric Water Manag 187:222–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.
2017.03.029
H. Elbasiouny and F. Elbehiry
many challenges such as climate change, water deficiency and sea level rice, as well
for climate change mitigation.
10 Recommendations
1. Enhancing soil C stock should be considered not only for climate change
mitigation but also for improving soil quality and agricultural productivity.
2. Rice field is one of the most important fields maintaining soil organic matter and
soil C, therefore the quality of these fields should be enhanced or conserved.
3. Under the expected deficiency in water, rice cultivation should be directed in
saving water and maintaining soil C through finding new cultivars consume less
water and new methods reduce irrigation water.
References
1. El-Shahway AS, Mahmoud MMA, Udeigwe TK (2016) Alterations in soil chemical properties
induced by continuous rice cultivation: a study on the arid Nile delta soils of Egypt. Land
Degrad Dev 27:231–238
2. FAO (2003) Rice irrigation in the near East: current situation and prospects for improvement.
FAO Regional Office for the Near East, Cairo, Egypt
3. Shahid M, Nayak AK, Puree C, Tripathi R, Lal B, Gautam P, Bhattacharyya P, Mohanty S,
Kumar A, Panda BB, Kumar U, Shukla AK (2017) Carbon and nitrogen fractions and stocks
under 41 years of chemical and organic fertilization in a sub-humid tropical rice soil. Soil
Tillage Res 170:136–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2017.03.008
4. Zhang Y, Wang Y, Niu H (2017) Spatio-temporal variations in the areas suitable for the
cultivation of rice and maize in China under future climate scenarios. Sci Total Environ
601–602:518–531
5. Sušnik J, Vamvakeridou-Lyroudia LS, Baumert N, Kloos J, Renaud FG, Jeunesse I, Mabrouk
B, Savi´ c DA, Kapelan Z, Ludwig R, Fischer G, Roson R, Zografos C (2015) Interdisciplinary
assessment of sea-level rise and climate change impacts on the lower Nile delta, Egypt. Sci
Total Environ 503–504:279–288
6. Li S, Li J, Li C, Huang S, Li X, Li S, Ma Y (2016) Testing the RothC and DNDC models
against long-term dynamics of soil organic carbon stock observed at cropping field soils in
North China. Soil Tillage Res 163(2016):290–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2016.07.001
7. Mohammadi A, Cowie A, Mai TLA, Rosa RA, Kristiansen P, Brandao M, Joseph S (2016)
Biochar use for climate-change mitigation in rice cropping systems. J Clean Prod 116:61–70.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.12.083
8. Cha-un N, Chidthaisong A, Yagi K, Sudo S, Towprayoon S (2017) Greenhouse gas emissions,
soil carbon sequestration and crop yields in a rain-fed rice field with crop rotation management.
Agr Ecosyst Environ 237:109–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.12.025
9. Liu Y, Yao S, Wang Y, Lu H, Brar SK, Yang S (2017) Bio- and hydrochars from rice straw and
pig manure: inter-comparison. Biores Technol 235:332–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.
2017.03.103
10. Wang Y, Zhou L, Jia Q, Yu W (2017) Water use efficiency of a rice paddy field in Liaohe
Delta, Northeast China. Agric Water Manag 187:222–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.
2017.03.029