262
E.-S. E. Omran
rainy season occurs earlier. The study was based on agricultural activities conducted
out with local experts (agricultural extension officers and local leaders) to examine
the detected changes in the agricultural calendar as a response to climate variability. These activities are land preparation, sowing (including double sowing in some
cases), weeding, fertilizing, and harvesting. Land preparation generally took place
at the beginning of the rainy season, with well-loosened ridges or furrows 15–30 cm
deep, which ensure that maize plants are sufficiently exposed to light in order to
obtain higher yields.
In some regions of Egypt, the warmer climate in spring enables farmers to plant
the first crop (winter barley) earlier than ever before, allowing farmers to grow the
second crop for the remaining portion of the growing season in order to increase
income.
Adjustment in crop sequence and planting schedule: climate change negatively
affects crop production across long-term rainfall changes resulting in changes in the
cropping pattern and operating schedule. The first steps against a global assessment
would involve the development of detailed work calendar information for various
crops grown on a farm, allowing an improved understanding of the pattern of activities
and weather-related workability in specific areas.
7 Innovations and Technologies for Climate Change
Adaptation Measures
In addition to traditional and native knowledge, utilizing emerging technologies and
innovations evaluated and validated by agricultural research projects will contribute
to attempts to deal with climate change and allow both farmers and policymakers to
face climate change problems.
Management of water resources: Water is one of climate change’s most influenced
natural resources. Choices under water shortages to enhance water management
in Egypt involve; efforts to increase irrigation efficiency; enhancing saving water
techniques and water harvesting—among others, to conserve the already limited
water resources under different climate change scenarios. Water harvesting can also
be enhanced through the application of satellite remote sensing.
Crop simulation models: Models of crop simulation can estimate many key crop
characteristics across a wide variety of climatic conditions, like flowering timing and
physiological maturity, by correctly defining phonological responses to temperature
and daytime. Also, yield accumulation should be anticipated by predicting appropriately the development and loss of the leaf area and therefore the ability of a crop to
intercept radiation, accumulate biomass and split it into harvestable parts including
grain. Crop water use is also needed to be precisely predicted by correctly predicting
evapotranspiration and the extraction of soil water by plant root [36].
E.-S. E. Omran
rainy season occurs earlier. The study was based on agricultural activities conducted
out with local experts (agricultural extension officers and local leaders) to examine
the detected changes in the agricultural calendar as a response to climate variability. These activities are land preparation, sowing (including double sowing in some
cases), weeding, fertilizing, and harvesting. Land preparation generally took place
at the beginning of the rainy season, with well-loosened ridges or furrows 15–30 cm
deep, which ensure that maize plants are sufficiently exposed to light in order to
obtain higher yields.
In some regions of Egypt, the warmer climate in spring enables farmers to plant
the first crop (winter barley) earlier than ever before, allowing farmers to grow the
second crop for the remaining portion of the growing season in order to increase
income.
Adjustment in crop sequence and planting schedule: climate change negatively
affects crop production across long-term rainfall changes resulting in changes in the
cropping pattern and operating schedule. The first steps against a global assessment
would involve the development of detailed work calendar information for various
crops grown on a farm, allowing an improved understanding of the pattern of activities
and weather-related workability in specific areas.
7 Innovations and Technologies for Climate Change
Adaptation Measures
In addition to traditional and native knowledge, utilizing emerging technologies and
innovations evaluated and validated by agricultural research projects will contribute
to attempts to deal with climate change and allow both farmers and policymakers to
face climate change problems.
Management of water resources: Water is one of climate change’s most influenced
natural resources. Choices under water shortages to enhance water management
in Egypt involve; efforts to increase irrigation efficiency; enhancing saving water
techniques and water harvesting—among others, to conserve the already limited
water resources under different climate change scenarios. Water harvesting can also
be enhanced through the application of satellite remote sensing.
Crop simulation models: Models of crop simulation can estimate many key crop
characteristics across a wide variety of climatic conditions, like flowering timing and
physiological maturity, by correctly defining phonological responses to temperature
and daytime. Also, yield accumulation should be anticipated by predicting appropriately the development and loss of the leaf area and therefore the ability of a crop to
intercept radiation, accumulate biomass and split it into harvestable parts including
grain. Crop water use is also needed to be precisely predicted by correctly predicting
evapotranspiration and the extraction of soil water by plant root [36].