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10. Koday K (2017) The International Policy Centre for inclusive growth. Social protection after
the Arab Spring, vol 14, no 3, December
11. Adelphi (2015) A new climate for peace—taking action on climate and fragility risks. Executive
summary. The Wilson Center, EUISS
12. IPCC: Climate Change (2014) In: Edenhofer O, Pichs-Madruga R, Sokona Y, Farahani E,
Kadner S, Seyboth K, Adler A, Baum I, Brunner S, Eickemeier P, Kriemann B, Savolainen J,
Schlömer S, von Stechow C, Zwickel T, Minx JC (eds) Mitigation of climate change, contribution of Working Group III to the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
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Middle East and North Africa: prospects and challenges. In: OECD-FAO agricultural outlook
2018–2027. OECD Publishing, Paris/Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,
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14. RICCAR (2017) Regional initiative for the assessment of the impact of climate change on
water resources and socio-economic vulnerability in the Arab region. The Economic and Social
Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA), Beirut, Lebanon
15. Morton J (2007) The impact of climate change on smallholder and subsistence agriculture.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104(50):19680–19685
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and North Africa—with a special focus on small-scale family farming. FAO, Cairo, 92 p
17. INCCC (Initial National Communication on Climate Change) (1999) EEAA report to
UNFCCC. Cairo, Egypt
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Program, New York, USA
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of Aswan high dam reservoir. In: Younos T, Grady C (eds) Climate change and water resources.
The handbook of environmental chemistry, vol 25. Springer, Berlin
20. UNEP (2005) Facing the facts: assessing the vulnerability of Africa’s water resources to
environmental change. Report of the United Nations Environment Program, Nairobi, Kenya
21. Abou-Hadid AF (2006) Assessment of impacts, adaptation and vulnerability to climate change
in North Africa: food production and water resources. Final report. Assessments of Impacts
and Adaptations to Climate Change (AIACC), Project No. AF 90
22. Hassanein MK, Medany MA (2007) The impact of climate change on production of maize
(Zea mays L.). In: International conference on climate change and their impacts on coastal
zones and river deltas: vulnerability, mitigation and adaptation, 23–22 Apr 2007, Alexandria,
Egypt, pp 268–281
23. Khalil FA, Farag H, El Afandi G, Ouda SA (2009) Vulnerability and adaptation of wheat to
climate change in Middle Egypt. In: Thirteenth international water technology conference,
IWTC 13 2009, Hurghada, Egypt
24. Degenr JF (2015) Atmospheric CO 2 fertilization effects on biomass yields of 10 crops in
northern Germany. Environ Sci 3:48
25. Wang L, Fengb Z, Schjoerring J (2013) Effects of elevated atmospheric CO 2 on physiology
and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): a meta-analytic test of current hypotheses. Agric
Ecosyst Environ 178
26. Ruiz-Vera UM, Siebers MH, Drag DW, Ort DR, Bernacchi CJ (2015) Canopy warming caused
photosynthetic acclimation and reduced seed yield in maize grown at ambient and elevated
CO 2 . Glob Change Biol 21
27. IFAD (International Fund for Agricultural Development) (2011) Rural poverty report. Final
report. IFAD, Rome
28. Eid YZ (2014) Climate change and livestock vulnerability and adaptation. Alexandria Research
Center for Adaptation to Climate Change (ARCA), Alexandria
221
9. UN (2017) UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. Humanitarian Bulletin
Somalia, 26 Sep 2017. https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/humanitarian-bulletin-somaliaseptember-2017-issued-26-september-2017
10. Koday K (2017) The International Policy Centre for inclusive growth. Social protection after
the Arab Spring, vol 14, no 3, December
11. Adelphi (2015) A new climate for peace—taking action on climate and fragility risks. Executive
summary. The Wilson Center, EUISS
12. IPCC: Climate Change (2014) In: Edenhofer O, Pichs-Madruga R, Sokona Y, Farahani E,
Kadner S, Seyboth K, Adler A, Baum I, Brunner S, Eickemeier P, Kriemann B, Savolainen J,
Schlömer S, von Stechow C, Zwickel T, Minx JC (eds) Mitigation of climate change, contribution of Working Group III to the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
13. OECD-FAO (OECD/Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) (2018) The
Middle East and North Africa: prospects and challenges. In: OECD-FAO agricultural outlook
2018–2027. OECD Publishing, Paris/Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,
Rome
14. RICCAR (2017) Regional initiative for the assessment of the impact of climate change on
water resources and socio-economic vulnerability in the Arab region. The Economic and Social
Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA), Beirut, Lebanon
15. Morton J (2007) The impact of climate change on smallholder and subsistence agriculture.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104(50):19680–19685
16. FAO (2018) Impacts of climate change on farming systems and livelihoods in the Near East
and North Africa—with a special focus on small-scale family farming. FAO, Cairo, 92 p
17. INCCC (Initial National Communication on Climate Change) (1999) EEAA report to
UNFCCC. Cairo, Egypt
18. UNDP (2018) Climate change adaptation in the Arab states. United Nations Development
Program, New York, USA
19. Elshemy M (2013) Climate change impacts on water resources in semiarid regions: case study
of Aswan high dam reservoir. In: Younos T, Grady C (eds) Climate change and water resources.
The handbook of environmental chemistry, vol 25. Springer, Berlin
20. UNEP (2005) Facing the facts: assessing the vulnerability of Africa’s water resources to
environmental change. Report of the United Nations Environment Program, Nairobi, Kenya
21. Abou-Hadid AF (2006) Assessment of impacts, adaptation and vulnerability to climate change
in North Africa: food production and water resources. Final report. Assessments of Impacts
and Adaptations to Climate Change (AIACC), Project No. AF 90
22. Hassanein MK, Medany MA (2007) The impact of climate change on production of maize
(Zea mays L.). In: International conference on climate change and their impacts on coastal
zones and river deltas: vulnerability, mitigation and adaptation, 23–22 Apr 2007, Alexandria,
Egypt, pp 268–281
23. Khalil FA, Farag H, El Afandi G, Ouda SA (2009) Vulnerability and adaptation of wheat to
climate change in Middle Egypt. In: Thirteenth international water technology conference,
IWTC 13 2009, Hurghada, Egypt
24. Degenr JF (2015) Atmospheric CO 2 fertilization effects on biomass yields of 10 crops in
northern Germany. Environ Sci 3:48
25. Wang L, Fengb Z, Schjoerring J (2013) Effects of elevated atmospheric CO 2 on physiology
and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): a meta-analytic test of current hypotheses. Agric
Ecosyst Environ 178
26. Ruiz-Vera UM, Siebers MH, Drag DW, Ort DR, Bernacchi CJ (2015) Canopy warming caused
photosynthetic acclimation and reduced seed yield in maize grown at ambient and elevated
CO 2 . Glob Change Biol 21
27. IFAD (International Fund for Agricultural Development) (2011) Rural poverty report. Final
report. IFAD, Rome
28. Eid YZ (2014) Climate change and livestock vulnerability and adaptation. Alexandria Research
Center for Adaptation to Climate Change (ARCA), Alexandria