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Such local perspective often does not match well with the global and national level
sustainability goals. Therefore, the process to articulate local perspectives and reinterpret the global sustainability manifestations in individual cases is an important
process when linking the Holistic Treatment and the Trans-boundary Thinking.
Sustainability experts are expected to facilitate the communication among diverse
stakeholder groups and supplement relevant information and knowledge to ensure
the convergence of Holistic Treatment and Trans-boundary Thinking perspectives.
When a group of stakeholders addresses one sustainability issue, analyzing the
complexity embedded in the issue is the first step. Complexity is understood as a
system with parts, feedback, and non-linear and linear relationships (Ladyman et al.
2013). To frame the complexity of sustainability issues, several key factors must be
examined. For example, the authors’ framework suggests temporal and spatial
dynamics of the issue (temporal diversity to long-term trends, local to global perspectives), legal, political, and institutional dimensions of the issue (intergenerational equity, institutional structure for concrete actions), world views and paradigms
(differences in how to understand reality) [shown as (1) in Fig. 1]. Which framing
becomes more helpful in analyzing the complexity depends on the nature of the
discussed issue. Paying close attention to what kind of framing to be applied during
issue identification, however, is critically important. This is because every framing
process applies different assumptions, principles, and views to the issue; and it sets
what topics are to be viewed as important, and what topics should be addressed or
not. Those stakeholders who initiate actions aiming for a sustainable society must
be able to see an issue from different angles by applying multiple framings.
When a group of stakeholders addresses one sustainability issue, analyzing the
complexity embedded in the issue is the first step. Complexity is understood as a
system with parts, feedback, and non-linear and linear relationships (Ladyman et al.
2013). To frame the complexity of sustainability issues, several key factors must be
examined. For example, the authors’ framework suggests temporal and spatial
dynamics of the issue (temporal diversity to long-term trends, local to global perspectives), legal, political, and institutional dimensions of the issue (intergenerational equity, institutional structure for concrete actions), world views and paradigms
(differences in how to understand reality) [shown as (1) in Fig. 1.1]. Which framing
becomes more helpful in analyzing the complexity depends on the nature of the
discussed issue. Paying close attention to what kind of framing to be applied during
issue identification, however, is critically important. This is because every framing
process applies different assumptions, principles, and views to the issue; and it sets
what topics are to be viewed as important, and what topics should be addressed or
not. Those stakeholders who initiate actions aiming for a sustainable society must
be able to see an issue from different angles by applying multiple framings.
Once the structure of the issue is analyzed, possible actions for achieving a sustainable society are proposed. Yet, the authors argue that there are many steps in
between the issue identification and action planning as shown in Fig. 1.1. The process of proposing actions must be done by combining a backcasting approach based
on Holistic Treatment and process management base on Transboundary Thinking.
A backcasting approach requires clear images of ideal goals or states, often they can
S. Kudo and T. Mino
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