Table 3 Selected examples of electrode materials and oxidation conditions used for NSAIDs
remotion
NSAID
Electrode
Current density/
applied potential
Electrolytic
solution/pH
% of
removal References
Naproxen
MWCNTs on
glassy carbon
1.5 V vs SCE
Phosphate
buffer/Ph 7.5
82.5%
in 20 h
[57]
Pt/MWCNTsFTO
70 mA/cm
2
Sodium
sulfate
96% in
2 h
[58]
Ibuprofen
PtRu-FTO
50 mA/cm
2
pH 3
99% in
2 h
[61]
AgZMWCNT
1.75 V vs Ag/AgCl Sodium
sulfate
82%
[62]
AgZMWCNT
1.25 V vs Ag/AgCl Sodium
sulfate
78%
[62]
TiO 2 NTs
3.5 V vs Ag/AgCl
–
50% in
15 min
[81]
Ti/ZnO-TiO2
1 V vs Ag/AgCl
Sodium sulfate/pH 6.2
23% in
3 h
[86]
Diclofenac N, S co-doped
TiO 2 -TiO 2 NTS
0.4 V vs SCE
Sodium sulfate/pH 5
80%
[83]
Pt/CNT
1.5 and 2 V vs SCE Carbonate
buffer
50% in
8 h
[90]
Fig. 5 Degradation products of ibuprofen
294
M. Cerro-Lopez et al.