xvii
Contents
1 Working Principles ...................................................................................
1
1.1 Definition of a Turbomachine ............................................................
1
1.2 Examples of Axial Turbomachines ....................................................
2
1.2.1 Axial Hydraulic Turbine .........................................................
2
1.2.2 Axial Pump .............................................................................
4
1.3 Mean Line Analysis ............................................................................
5
1.4 Basic Laws for Stationary Duct Parts ................................................
7
1.4.1 Conservation of Mass .............................................................
7
1.4.2 Conservation of Momentum ..................................................
7
1.4.3 Conservation of Energy ..........................................................
9
1.4.4 Forms of Energy: Mechanical Energy and Head ................... 10
1.4.5 Energy Dissipation: Head Loss .............................................. 12
1.5 Basic Laws for Rotating Duct Parts ................................................... 14
1.5.1 Work and Energy Equations in a Rotating Frame
with Constant Angular Velocity ............................................. 14
1.5.2 Moment of Momentum in the Absolute Frame: Rotor Work ... 16
1.5.3 Moment of Momentum in the Relative Frame:
Forces Intervening in the Rotor Work .................................... 21
1.5.4 Energy Component Changes Caused By the Rotor Work ...... 23
1.5.5 Rotor Work in the Mean Line Representation of the Flow .... 24
1.6 Energy Analysis of Turbomachines .................................................... 25
1.6.1 Mechanical Efficiency and Internal Efficiency ...................... 25
1.6.2 Energy Analysis of an Axial Hydraulic Turbine .................... 26
1.6.3 Energy Analysis of an Axial Pump ........................................ 30
1.7 Examples of Radial Turbomachines ................................................... 33
1.8 Performance Characteristics ............................................................... 36
1.9 Exercises ............................................................................................ 40
References ................................................................................................... 46
2 Basic Components ..................................................................................... 47
2.1 Aerofoils ............................................................................................. 47
2.1.1 Force Generation .................................................................... 47
2.1.2 Performance Parameters ......................................................... 49
Contents
1 Working Principles ...................................................................................
1
1.1 Definition of a Turbomachine ............................................................
1
1.2 Examples of Axial Turbomachines ....................................................
2
1.2.1 Axial Hydraulic Turbine .........................................................
2
1.2.2 Axial Pump .............................................................................
4
1.3 Mean Line Analysis ............................................................................
5
1.4 Basic Laws for Stationary Duct Parts ................................................
7
1.4.1 Conservation of Mass .............................................................
7
1.4.2 Conservation of Momentum ..................................................
7
1.4.3 Conservation of Energy ..........................................................
9
1.4.4 Forms of Energy: Mechanical Energy and Head ................... 10
1.4.5 Energy Dissipation: Head Loss .............................................. 12
1.5 Basic Laws for Rotating Duct Parts ................................................... 14
1.5.1 Work and Energy Equations in a Rotating Frame
with Constant Angular Velocity ............................................. 14
1.5.2 Moment of Momentum in the Absolute Frame: Rotor Work ... 16
1.5.3 Moment of Momentum in the Relative Frame:
Forces Intervening in the Rotor Work .................................... 21
1.5.4 Energy Component Changes Caused By the Rotor Work ...... 23
1.5.5 Rotor Work in the Mean Line Representation of the Flow .... 24
1.6 Energy Analysis of Turbomachines .................................................... 25
1.6.1 Mechanical Efficiency and Internal Efficiency ...................... 25
1.6.2 Energy Analysis of an Axial Hydraulic Turbine .................... 26
1.6.3 Energy Analysis of an Axial Pump ........................................ 30
1.7 Examples of Radial Turbomachines ................................................... 33
1.8 Performance Characteristics ............................................................... 36
1.9 Exercises ............................................................................................ 40
References ................................................................................................... 46
2 Basic Components ..................................................................................... 47
2.1 Aerofoils ............................................................................................. 47
2.1.1 Force Generation .................................................................... 47
2.1.2 Performance Parameters ......................................................... 49