their bioremediation approaches, 1st edn. CRC Press/Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, pp 1–22.
https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315173351-2
Birungi Z, Chirwa E (2014) The kinetics of uptake and recovery of lanthanum using freshwater
algae as biosorbents: comparative analysis. Bioresour Technol 160:43–51
Birungi ZS, Chirwa EMN (2015) The adsorption potential and recovery of thallium using green
micro-algae from eutrophic water sources. J Hazard Mater 299:67–77
Borda M, Sparks D (2008) Kinetics and mechanisms of sorption–desorption in soils: a multiscale
assessment. Biophys Chem Process Heavy Metals Metalloids Soil Environ 19(8):2369–2377
Boukili H, Novikoff A, França J (1984) Mineralogie et géochimie des chlorites et
hydroxycarbonateschromitifères de Campo Formoso, Bahia, Brésil. Cahiers ORSTOM Série
Géologie 14(2):141–152
Boyle EA, Lee J-M, Echegoyen Y, Noble A, Moos S, Carrasco G, Zhao N, Kayser R, Zhang J,
Gamo T, Obata H, Norisuye K (2014) Anthropogenic lead emissions in the ocean: the evolving
global experiment. Oceanography 27(1):69–75
Brink HG, Lategan M, Naudé K, Chirwa EMN (2017) Lead removal using industrially sourced
consortia: influence of lead and glucose concentrations. ICheaP-13, Milan, 28-31 May 2017.
Chem Eng Trans 57:409–414
Bruno J, Ewing RC (2006) Spent nuclear fuel. Elements 2:343–349
Buck EC, Hanson BD, McNamara BK (2004) The geochemical behaviour of Tc, Np and Pu in
spent nuclear fuel in an oxidizing environment. In: Gieré R, Stille P (eds) Energy, waste, and the
environment: a geochemical perspective, vol 236. The Geological Society of London Special
Publication, London, pp 65–88
Bush MB (2003) Ecology of a changing planet, 3rd edn. Prentice Hall, New Jersey
Calas G, Manceau A, Novikoff A, Boukili H (1984) Chromium behavior in alteration minerals of
the Campo Formoso chromite deposit, Bahia, Brazil. Bull Minéral 107(6):755–766
Castillo AN, García-Delgado RA, Rivero VC (2012) Electrokinetic treatment of soils contaminated
by tannery waste. Electrochim Acta 86:110–114
Cervantes C (1991) Bacterial interaction with chromate. Anton Leeuw 59(4):229–233
Cervantes C, Silver S (1992) Plasmid chromate resistance and chromate reduction. Plasmid 27
(1):65–71
Cervantes C, Campos-García J, Devars S, Gutiérrez-Corona F, Loza-Tavera H, Torres-Guzmán JC,
Moreno-Sánchez R (2001) Interactions of chromium with microorganisms and plants. FEMS
Microbiol Rev 25(2):335–347
Chaalal O, Islam MR (2001) Integrated management of radioactive strontium contamination in
aqueous stream systems. J Environ Manag 61(1):51–59
Chandra R, Saxena G, Kumar V (2015) Phytoremediation of environmental pollutants: an
eco-sustainable green technology to environmental management. In: Chandra R
(ed) Advances in biodegradation and bioremediation of industrial waste, 1st edn. CRC Press/
Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, pp 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1201/b18218-2
Chen JP (1997) Batch and continuous adsorption of strontium by plant root tissues. Bioresour
Technol 60(3):185–189
Chirasha J, Shoko NR (2010) Zimbabwe alloys ferro chromium production: from cradle to grave
sustainably. In: Proc 12th International Ferroalloys Congress sustainable future. June 6–9, 2010,
Helsinki, Finland, pp 391–400
Chirwa EMN, Molokwane PE (2011) Chapter 5: Biological Cr(VI) reduction: microbial diversity,
kinetics and biotechnological solutions to pollution. In: Sofo A (ed) Biodiversity. InTech Online
Publishers, Cambridge, pp 75–100
Chirwa EMN, Wang YT (1997) Hexavalent chromium reduction by Bacillus sp. in a packed-bed
bioreactor. Environ Sci Technol 31(5):1446–1451
Chirwa EN, Wang YT (2001) Simultaneous chromium(VI) reduction and phenol degradation in a
fixed-film coculture bioreactor: reactor performance. Water Res 35(8):1921–1932
Choi SB, Yun Y (2006) Biosorption of cadmium by various types of dried sludge: an equilibrium
study and investigation of mechanisms. J Hazard Mater 138(2):378–383
46
E. M. Nkhalambayausi-Chirwa et al.
https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315173351-2
Birungi Z, Chirwa E (2014) The kinetics of uptake and recovery of lanthanum using freshwater
algae as biosorbents: comparative analysis. Bioresour Technol 160:43–51
Birungi ZS, Chirwa EMN (2015) The adsorption potential and recovery of thallium using green
micro-algae from eutrophic water sources. J Hazard Mater 299:67–77
Borda M, Sparks D (2008) Kinetics and mechanisms of sorption–desorption in soils: a multiscale
assessment. Biophys Chem Process Heavy Metals Metalloids Soil Environ 19(8):2369–2377
Boukili H, Novikoff A, França J (1984) Mineralogie et géochimie des chlorites et
hydroxycarbonateschromitifères de Campo Formoso, Bahia, Brésil. Cahiers ORSTOM Série
Géologie 14(2):141–152
Boyle EA, Lee J-M, Echegoyen Y, Noble A, Moos S, Carrasco G, Zhao N, Kayser R, Zhang J,
Gamo T, Obata H, Norisuye K (2014) Anthropogenic lead emissions in the ocean: the evolving
global experiment. Oceanography 27(1):69–75
Brink HG, Lategan M, Naudé K, Chirwa EMN (2017) Lead removal using industrially sourced
consortia: influence of lead and glucose concentrations. ICheaP-13, Milan, 28-31 May 2017.
Chem Eng Trans 57:409–414
Bruno J, Ewing RC (2006) Spent nuclear fuel. Elements 2:343–349
Buck EC, Hanson BD, McNamara BK (2004) The geochemical behaviour of Tc, Np and Pu in
spent nuclear fuel in an oxidizing environment. In: Gieré R, Stille P (eds) Energy, waste, and the
environment: a geochemical perspective, vol 236. The Geological Society of London Special
Publication, London, pp 65–88
Bush MB (2003) Ecology of a changing planet, 3rd edn. Prentice Hall, New Jersey
Calas G, Manceau A, Novikoff A, Boukili H (1984) Chromium behavior in alteration minerals of
the Campo Formoso chromite deposit, Bahia, Brazil. Bull Minéral 107(6):755–766
Castillo AN, García-Delgado RA, Rivero VC (2012) Electrokinetic treatment of soils contaminated
by tannery waste. Electrochim Acta 86:110–114
Cervantes C (1991) Bacterial interaction with chromate. Anton Leeuw 59(4):229–233
Cervantes C, Silver S (1992) Plasmid chromate resistance and chromate reduction. Plasmid 27
(1):65–71
Cervantes C, Campos-García J, Devars S, Gutiérrez-Corona F, Loza-Tavera H, Torres-Guzmán JC,
Moreno-Sánchez R (2001) Interactions of chromium with microorganisms and plants. FEMS
Microbiol Rev 25(2):335–347
Chaalal O, Islam MR (2001) Integrated management of radioactive strontium contamination in
aqueous stream systems. J Environ Manag 61(1):51–59
Chandra R, Saxena G, Kumar V (2015) Phytoremediation of environmental pollutants: an
eco-sustainable green technology to environmental management. In: Chandra R
(ed) Advances in biodegradation and bioremediation of industrial waste, 1st edn. CRC Press/
Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, pp 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1201/b18218-2
Chen JP (1997) Batch and continuous adsorption of strontium by plant root tissues. Bioresour
Technol 60(3):185–189
Chirasha J, Shoko NR (2010) Zimbabwe alloys ferro chromium production: from cradle to grave
sustainably. In: Proc 12th International Ferroalloys Congress sustainable future. June 6–9, 2010,
Helsinki, Finland, pp 391–400
Chirwa EMN, Molokwane PE (2011) Chapter 5: Biological Cr(VI) reduction: microbial diversity,
kinetics and biotechnological solutions to pollution. In: Sofo A (ed) Biodiversity. InTech Online
Publishers, Cambridge, pp 75–100
Chirwa EMN, Wang YT (1997) Hexavalent chromium reduction by Bacillus sp. in a packed-bed
bioreactor. Environ Sci Technol 31(5):1446–1451
Chirwa EN, Wang YT (2001) Simultaneous chromium(VI) reduction and phenol degradation in a
fixed-film coculture bioreactor: reactor performance. Water Res 35(8):1921–1932
Choi SB, Yun Y (2006) Biosorption of cadmium by various types of dried sludge: an equilibrium
study and investigation of mechanisms. J Hazard Mater 138(2):378–383
46
E. M. Nkhalambayausi-Chirwa et al.