in sludge (Chandra and Kumar 2017a; Chandra et al. 2018b). Chandra and Kumar
(2017a) have also been detected several androgenic-mutagenic compounds in leachate
prepared from distillery sludge discharged after anaerobic treatment of SW. The major
compounds were detected and identified by GC-MS as saturated fatty acids (propanoic
acid, octadecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, n-pentadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, and
tetradecanoic acid). The details identified EDC and ROPs from distillery sludge and
leachate are tabulated in Tables 20.5 and 20.6. Chandra and his coworker reported in the
Frontiers in Microbiology that exposure to the distillery sludge and sludge leachate
caused a chromosomal aberration in Allium cepa root meristem cells. Genotoxicity
results indicated that distillery sludge and leachate contain several androgenic, neurogenic, and mutagenic compounds and may exert potentially harmful effects on flora and
fauna.
Table 20.3 Organic compounds identified by GC-MS analysis in (a) isopropanol, (b) methanol,
(c) ethanol, and (d) n-hexane extract of spent wash
S. No. Identified compounds
S. No. Identified compounds
(a)
(c)
1.
Propanoic acid, 2–9 (TMS)oxy],TMS ester
1.
Ethyl (trimethyl)succinate
2.
Butanedioic acid, bis(TMS)ester
2.
Butanedioic acid, bis(TMS)ester
3.
Butane, 1,2,4-tris (trimethylsilyloxy) 3.
3,6-Dioxa-2,7-disilaoctane,2,2,4,7,7pentamethyl
4.
2-Methyl-1,3-Propanediol- 2- TMS
4.
Erythritol per-TMS
2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentanoic acid1,4-lactone, tris (TMS)
(b)
5.
Cyclooctene, 1,2-bis(trimethylsiloxy)
1.
Propanoic acid, 3-[(TMS)oxy], TMS
ester
6.
D-ribo-hexanoic acid, 3-deoxy-2,5,6tris-O-(TMS)lactone
2.
Butanoic acid, 3-methyl-2-[(TMS)
oxy], TMS ester
7.
α-D-Galactopyranose, 1,2,3-tris-O(TMS), cyclic methylboronate
3.
2-Methylbutanoic acid,
3-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy),-methyl
ester
8.
D-Lactic acid-Di TMS
4.
Erythro-pentitol, 2-dedoxy-1,3,4,5tetrakis-O-(TMS)
(d)
5.
3,6-Didoxa-2,7-Disilaoctane,
2,2,4,5,7,7-Hexamethyl
1.
Benzene, 1-ethyl-3,5-disopropyl
6.
Cyclooctene, 1,2-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)
2.
Eicosane
7.
2,3,5,-tri-O-trimethylsily-arabino-1,5lactone
3.
3,4-Dihyroxymandelic acid, ethyl
ester, tri-TMS
8.
D-ribo-hexanoic acid, 3-deoxy-2,5,6
tris-O-(TMS)-lactone
4.
Octadecane,3-ethyl-5(2-ethylbutyl)
Chandra and Kumar (2017b)
20 Bioremediation of Melanoidins Containing Distillery Waste for. . .
505
(2017a) have also been detected several androgenic-mutagenic compounds in leachate
prepared from distillery sludge discharged after anaerobic treatment of SW. The major
compounds were detected and identified by GC-MS as saturated fatty acids (propanoic
acid, octadecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, n-pentadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, and
tetradecanoic acid). The details identified EDC and ROPs from distillery sludge and
leachate are tabulated in Tables 20.5 and 20.6. Chandra and his coworker reported in the
Frontiers in Microbiology that exposure to the distillery sludge and sludge leachate
caused a chromosomal aberration in Allium cepa root meristem cells. Genotoxicity
results indicated that distillery sludge and leachate contain several androgenic, neurogenic, and mutagenic compounds and may exert potentially harmful effects on flora and
fauna.
Table 20.3 Organic compounds identified by GC-MS analysis in (a) isopropanol, (b) methanol,
(c) ethanol, and (d) n-hexane extract of spent wash
S. No. Identified compounds
S. No. Identified compounds
(a)
(c)
1.
Propanoic acid, 2–9 (TMS)oxy],TMS ester
1.
Ethyl (trimethyl)succinate
2.
Butanedioic acid, bis(TMS)ester
2.
Butanedioic acid, bis(TMS)ester
3.
Butane, 1,2,4-tris (trimethylsilyloxy) 3.
3,6-Dioxa-2,7-disilaoctane,2,2,4,7,7pentamethyl
4.
2-Methyl-1,3-Propanediol- 2- TMS
4.
Erythritol per-TMS
2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentanoic acid1,4-lactone, tris (TMS)
(b)
5.
Cyclooctene, 1,2-bis(trimethylsiloxy)
1.
Propanoic acid, 3-[(TMS)oxy], TMS
ester
6.
D-ribo-hexanoic acid, 3-deoxy-2,5,6tris-O-(TMS)lactone
2.
Butanoic acid, 3-methyl-2-[(TMS)
oxy], TMS ester
7.
α-D-Galactopyranose, 1,2,3-tris-O(TMS), cyclic methylboronate
3.
2-Methylbutanoic acid,
3-(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy),-methyl
ester
8.
D-Lactic acid-Di TMS
4.
Erythro-pentitol, 2-dedoxy-1,3,4,5tetrakis-O-(TMS)
(d)
5.
3,6-Didoxa-2,7-Disilaoctane,
2,2,4,5,7,7-Hexamethyl
1.
Benzene, 1-ethyl-3,5-disopropyl
6.
Cyclooctene, 1,2-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)
2.
Eicosane
7.
2,3,5,-tri-O-trimethylsily-arabino-1,5lactone
3.
3,4-Dihyroxymandelic acid, ethyl
ester, tri-TMS
8.
D-ribo-hexanoic acid, 3-deoxy-2,5,6
tris-O-(TMS)-lactone
4.
Octadecane,3-ethyl-5(2-ethylbutyl)
Chandra and Kumar (2017b)
20 Bioremediation of Melanoidins Containing Distillery Waste for. . .
505