in the reduction of aluminum (Al) toxicity. Biochar surface could be oxidized during
aging process and obtain more heavy metal binding sites such as Cd and Al;
therefore, the rivalry sorption between Cd and Al was seen in previous studies
(Qian et al. 2015). Silicon plays a significant role in biochar and provides strength
which reduced the Al phytotoxicity and protects the plant from Al absorption, so that
Si particles can reduce the amount of soil exchangeable Al and that Si released from
biochar can form Si-Al complex in the upper surface of plant tissue and consequently
reduced the risk of exchangeable Al uptake in the inner tissue of plant (Qian et al.
2016). However, above application showing the multifunctional role of biochar in
agricultural and environmental research rather than the complete underlying mechanism is further needed to investigate the biogeochemical application in
agroecosystem.
11 Conclusions and Future Research Direction
Biochar is a strong solid sorbent that can be used to develop new viable technology
in highly challenging research field bioremediation and can reduce the bioavailability of organic and inorganic pollutants in contaminated soils. Biochar generally
produced at higher temperature (pyrolysis) in limited supply of oxygen contains
severalfold higher carbon layers and diverse physicochemical properties which can
affect the effectiveness in the remediation of pollutants in contaminated soils. The
distinct studies have been reported that the application of biochar in contaminated
soil not only can reduce the bioavailability of pollutants but also may significantly
lead and enhance the rate of diffusion in soils. The auxiliary research requires to
explore the experimental viability of biochar-assisted diffusion of several PAHs and
heavy metals in affected sites. According to Zhang et al. (2013), the immobilized
microorganism technique (IMT) with biochar as supportive and carrier medium
shows imaginary experimental demonstration for the removal of soil contaminants
in Fig. 19.2. Moreover, the small amendments of biochar in soil can significantly
reduce the uptake efficacy of pesticides and other organic and inorganic pollutants in
plant’s tissue (Zhang et al. 2013). Various other studies also support the
multifunctional application of biochar in diverse areas of agriculture and environment such as the removal of several herbicides and hydrocarbons as well as
improving soil microbial biomass (Singh and Gupta 2018) and agricultural production. The different feedstock-based biochar is a potential technology for remediation
of several pollutants in agricultural contaminated soils. However, some new emerging approaches have to develop in the field of bioremediation for prevention of
various environmental risks because every year the graphical bar of environmental
pollution is growing in an upward direction due to the distinct indiscriminate
anthropogenic activity such as industrialization, urbanization, direct discharging of
households, and improper agricultural waste management practices that are serious
concerns to all living beings.
19 Biochar: A Sustainable Tool in Soil Pollutant Bioremediation
487
aging process and obtain more heavy metal binding sites such as Cd and Al;
therefore, the rivalry sorption between Cd and Al was seen in previous studies
(Qian et al. 2015). Silicon plays a significant role in biochar and provides strength
which reduced the Al phytotoxicity and protects the plant from Al absorption, so that
Si particles can reduce the amount of soil exchangeable Al and that Si released from
biochar can form Si-Al complex in the upper surface of plant tissue and consequently
reduced the risk of exchangeable Al uptake in the inner tissue of plant (Qian et al.
2016). However, above application showing the multifunctional role of biochar in
agricultural and environmental research rather than the complete underlying mechanism is further needed to investigate the biogeochemical application in
agroecosystem.
11 Conclusions and Future Research Direction
Biochar is a strong solid sorbent that can be used to develop new viable technology
in highly challenging research field bioremediation and can reduce the bioavailability of organic and inorganic pollutants in contaminated soils. Biochar generally
produced at higher temperature (pyrolysis) in limited supply of oxygen contains
severalfold higher carbon layers and diverse physicochemical properties which can
affect the effectiveness in the remediation of pollutants in contaminated soils. The
distinct studies have been reported that the application of biochar in contaminated
soil not only can reduce the bioavailability of pollutants but also may significantly
lead and enhance the rate of diffusion in soils. The auxiliary research requires to
explore the experimental viability of biochar-assisted diffusion of several PAHs and
heavy metals in affected sites. According to Zhang et al. (2013), the immobilized
microorganism technique (IMT) with biochar as supportive and carrier medium
shows imaginary experimental demonstration for the removal of soil contaminants
in Fig. 19.2. Moreover, the small amendments of biochar in soil can significantly
reduce the uptake efficacy of pesticides and other organic and inorganic pollutants in
plant’s tissue (Zhang et al. 2013). Various other studies also support the
multifunctional application of biochar in diverse areas of agriculture and environment such as the removal of several herbicides and hydrocarbons as well as
improving soil microbial biomass (Singh and Gupta 2018) and agricultural production. The different feedstock-based biochar is a potential technology for remediation
of several pollutants in agricultural contaminated soils. However, some new emerging approaches have to develop in the field of bioremediation for prevention of
various environmental risks because every year the graphical bar of environmental
pollution is growing in an upward direction due to the distinct indiscriminate
anthropogenic activity such as industrialization, urbanization, direct discharging of
households, and improper agricultural waste management practices that are serious
concerns to all living beings.
19 Biochar: A Sustainable Tool in Soil Pollutant Bioremediation
487