effects over an extensive area and it consequences of bioaccumulation and transportation through the food chain.
4.2 Organochlorine Compounds
There are a large number of organochlorine compounds, such as chlorinated derivatives of phenols, acids, and dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans, and other neutral compounds
Table 14.2 Characteristics of some large- and small-scale paper mill effluent and minimum
national standards for pulp and paper mill wastewater discharge
Parameter
Large-scale paper mill
(Chandra and
Singh 2012)
Small-scale paper mill
(Yadav and Chandra
2015)
Permissible
limit (CPCB
2000)
Permissible
limit (ISI
1974)
pH
6.70
8.50
5.5–9.0
5.5–9.0
Color
Dark brownish
Dark brownish black
–
–
Lignin
149.80
413.00
–
–
BOD
351.00
6033.00
30
100
COD
1057.00
15766.00
250
350
T.S.
1423.00
1570.00
–
–
T.D.S.
1115.00
1274.00
2100
1000
T.S.S.
273.00
296.00
50
–
Sulfate
234.00
405.49
–
–
Total
phenol
72.96
44.64
1
1
Total
nitrogen
39.15
152.93
–
–
Phosphate 683.69
500.00
–
–
Nitrate
32.38
35.30
–
–
Chloride
362.00
351.00
1000
600
Potassium 24.45
26.57
–
–
Sodium
285.00
28.98
–
–
CO 2
56.20
257.00
–
–
Heavy
metals
Cd
0.135
ND
–
–
Cr
0.058
0.056
–
–
Cu
0.216
0.074
–
3
Fe
0.182
2.004
–
–
Mn
0.04
0.166
–
–
Ni
0.122
0.016
–
2
Pb
ND
ND
–
0.1
Zn
0.062
0.066
–
5
CPCB Central Pollution Control Board; ISI Indian Statistical Institute
14 Pulp and Paper Mill Wastewater: Ecotoxicological Effects and. . .
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