Table 14.1 Major chemicals used in paper manufacturing process
Common
name
Chemical name
Chemical
formula
Notes
AKD
Alkyl ketene dimer
Sizing
Alabaster or
annaline
Calcium sulfate (anhydrate) CaSO 4
Paper loading material
Alginic acid
Sodium alginate (“Naalginate”)
Na(C 6 H 8 O 6 N)
Coating and surface treatment
Chlorine
dioxide
Chlorine dioxide
ClO 2
Pulp bleaching
Chlorine
Chlorine
Cl 2
Pulp bleaching
EDTA
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic
acid
C 10 H 16 N 2 O 8 Used for chelation (removal of
transition metals from pulp)
Enzyme
Used in deinking
FSA
Formamidine sulfuric acid
CH 4 N 2 SO 2
Post-deinking bleaching
Guar gum
Natural polymer
Dry strength additive
Hydrogen
peroxide
Hydrogen peroxide
H 2 O 2
In pulp bleaching
Hypochlorous
acid
Hypochlorous acid
HOCl
In pulp bleaching
Lime
Calcium oxide
CaO
Alkaline pulping process, chemical recovery, bleaching
Limestone
Calcium carbonate
CaCO 3
To make precipitated CaCO 3 , is
used as filler and in coating
Magnesium
bisulfite
Magnesium bisulfate
Mg(HSO 3 ) 2 Used in sulfite pulping
Oxygen
Oxygen
O 2
In pulp bleaching
Ozone
Ozone
O 3
In pulp bleaching
Sodium
bisulfite
Sodium bisulfite
NaHSO 3
Used in sulfite pulping
Sodium
dithionite
Sodium hydrosulfite
Na 2 S 2 O 4
Bleaching
Sodium
hypochlorite
Sodium hypochlorite
Na 2 S 2 O 4
Bleaching
Sodium
peroxide
Sodium peroxide
Na 2 O 2
Bleaching
Sodium
sulfide
Sodium sulfide
Na 2 S
Active chemical in kraft/sulfate
cooking liquor
Sodium
thiosulfate
Sodium thiosulfate
Na 2 S 2 O 3
Bleaching
Sulfur
Sulfur
S
To make HSO 3 for bisulfite
pulping
Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper-chemicals)
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I. Haq and A. Raj