to assess their quality analyzing the content of total nitrogen, nitrites, nitrates,
ammonium nitrogen, sulfates, orthophosphate, and total phosphorus. Determinations of color, total suspended solids, alkalinity, hardness, chlorides, and biochemical oxygen demand were also assessed. To analyze the functional diversity of the
isolated endophytes from each zone, these were characterized according to their
plant growth-promoting attributes: ACC deaminase activity, indole acetic acid
(IAA), siderophore production, and tricalcium phosphate solubilization. These functional attributes were analyzed applying a multivariate analysis; a distance matrix
was built using the conventional standard distance coefficient and a phenogram
resolved using the UPGMA (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean)
method. After it, a correlation coefficient of Pearson was obtained. Finally, a PCA
was performed using Pearson’s correlation with the environmental variables and the
functional attributes of phytobacteria from different seasons and zones of study.
Water quality results indicate that the Tourist zone showed most of the parameters
analyzed with high values in both periods. Therefore, the Tourist zone was the most
affected area, compared to the Chinampera and Urban zone since they do not have
high nutrient values and other indicators of eutrophic water, such as mineralization,
alkalinity, high concentrations of carbonates, and organic matter decomposition. In
the dry season, 17 phytobacteria were isolated from L. gibba plants from the three
study areas. Of all the isolated phytobacteria (Table 10.1), only two of the Urban
zone tested are positive for siderophore production; two of the Urban zone and five
in the Chinampera zone showed tricalcium phosphate solubilization; the activity of
the ACC deaminase activity was presented by four isolated zones from plants of the
urban zone, two of the Tourist zone, and three in the Chinampera zone. Finally, four
of the urban zone, one of the Tourist zone, and five in the Chinampera zone were
classified as high producers of IAA. In the rainy season, 14 phytobacteria were
obtained (Table 10.1), of which only 2 phytobacteria isolated from plants of the
Tourist zone, 1 isolated phytobacterium from the Urban zone, and 3 phytobacteria
from the Chinampera zone were positive for phosphate solubilization. Only one
isolated from plants collected in the Chinampera zone presented siderophore production and activity of the ACC deaminase, four phytobacteria isolated from plants
of the Tourist zone, one of the Urban zone, and three in the Chinampera zone. The
14 phytobacteria isolated showed a high production of IAA in each area and season.
A wide range of genus-isolated phytobacteria was obtained, Bacillus sp.,
Achromobacter spp., Enterobacter sp., and Pseudomonas spp. for the dry season,
being more abundant in this season Bacillus spp. In the rainy season, the most
representative and abundant isolated genus were Serratia spp., Stenotrophomonas
spp., and Pseudomonas spp. Figure 10.1shows the phenogram with the associated
groups according to the functional attributes determined in the isolated endophyte
bacteria, where two groups forming at first, group I made only by Enterobacter spp.
CH-MA-2 with the highest number of attributes, and the rest of the rhizobacteria
comprise the group II and group IIa that is composed by the isolated endophytes
from the L. gibba plants collected from the three zones in the dry season and group
IIb that is also subdivided in two other groups group IIb1 that includes all the
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A. L. Guerrero-Zúñiga et al.
ammonium nitrogen, sulfates, orthophosphate, and total phosphorus. Determinations of color, total suspended solids, alkalinity, hardness, chlorides, and biochemical oxygen demand were also assessed. To analyze the functional diversity of the
isolated endophytes from each zone, these were characterized according to their
plant growth-promoting attributes: ACC deaminase activity, indole acetic acid
(IAA), siderophore production, and tricalcium phosphate solubilization. These functional attributes were analyzed applying a multivariate analysis; a distance matrix
was built using the conventional standard distance coefficient and a phenogram
resolved using the UPGMA (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean)
method. After it, a correlation coefficient of Pearson was obtained. Finally, a PCA
was performed using Pearson’s correlation with the environmental variables and the
functional attributes of phytobacteria from different seasons and zones of study.
Water quality results indicate that the Tourist zone showed most of the parameters
analyzed with high values in both periods. Therefore, the Tourist zone was the most
affected area, compared to the Chinampera and Urban zone since they do not have
high nutrient values and other indicators of eutrophic water, such as mineralization,
alkalinity, high concentrations of carbonates, and organic matter decomposition. In
the dry season, 17 phytobacteria were isolated from L. gibba plants from the three
study areas. Of all the isolated phytobacteria (Table 10.1), only two of the Urban
zone tested are positive for siderophore production; two of the Urban zone and five
in the Chinampera zone showed tricalcium phosphate solubilization; the activity of
the ACC deaminase activity was presented by four isolated zones from plants of the
urban zone, two of the Tourist zone, and three in the Chinampera zone. Finally, four
of the urban zone, one of the Tourist zone, and five in the Chinampera zone were
classified as high producers of IAA. In the rainy season, 14 phytobacteria were
obtained (Table 10.1), of which only 2 phytobacteria isolated from plants of the
Tourist zone, 1 isolated phytobacterium from the Urban zone, and 3 phytobacteria
from the Chinampera zone were positive for phosphate solubilization. Only one
isolated from plants collected in the Chinampera zone presented siderophore production and activity of the ACC deaminase, four phytobacteria isolated from plants
of the Tourist zone, one of the Urban zone, and three in the Chinampera zone. The
14 phytobacteria isolated showed a high production of IAA in each area and season.
A wide range of genus-isolated phytobacteria was obtained, Bacillus sp.,
Achromobacter spp., Enterobacter sp., and Pseudomonas spp. for the dry season,
being more abundant in this season Bacillus spp. In the rainy season, the most
representative and abundant isolated genus were Serratia spp., Stenotrophomonas
spp., and Pseudomonas spp. Figure 10.1shows the phenogram with the associated
groups according to the functional attributes determined in the isolated endophyte
bacteria, where two groups forming at first, group I made only by Enterobacter spp.
CH-MA-2 with the highest number of attributes, and the rest of the rhizobacteria
comprise the group II and group IIa that is composed by the isolated endophytes
from the L. gibba plants collected from the three zones in the dry season and group
IIb that is also subdivided in two other groups group IIb1 that includes all the
244
A. L. Guerrero-Zúñiga et al.