530
S. Chatterjee and A. Tandon
and primary aerosol increased markedly with rise in air temperature under different conditions (e.g. emission pattern), but organic and nitrated components (volatile
one) decreased mainly because of their movement from the particulate to the gaseous
phase (Hogrefe et al. 2006).
3 Recent Incidents Due to Climate Change and Their Effect
In a recent UN Environment report, it was mentioned that “Climate action must
happen now – the risks to our planet are greater than ever. Scientists warn of a
climate cascade if global temperatures rise more than 2 °C above pre-industrial
levels, leading to “hothouse” conditions and higher sea levels, making some areas on
Earth uninhabitable” (UN Environment 2018). This feature is not new. It is happening
since last few decades. Frequent natural calamities are the persuasive examples of this
phenomenon. Although some important pledges made under the Paris Agreement,
global temperatures rise by up to 3.4 °C is unavoidable in this century, which will
eventually change the current weather patterns. Many incidents like drought, forest
fires, typhoons, sea level rise and coastal erosion, tsunami, desertification, more
intense hurricanes, and frequent storms are the consequences of climate change. One
has to remember that ‘anthropogenic environmental pollution’ too has contributed a
lot in this climate change event. Table 1 summarised the few events that happened
due to the climate action during the past few decades.
It is highly arguable whether these incidents are the direct consequences of climate change or not! Many secondary factors are also responsible and contributed
substantially. Ignorance and greed of the people sometimes leads them to violate the
natural/environmental rules and floods, forest fires, soil erosions, droughts etc. are
the result of these unethical activities.
4 Eco-biological Effects of Climate Change
Ecological responses to recent climate change are well studied phenomena and extensively reviewed during the last few decades (Bellard et al. 2012). The Earth’s climate
has warmed by 0.5 °C over the last 100 years and it was reported that between 1880
and 2012, global mean annual temperatures were increased by ~0.85 °C and an additional 1–4 °C temperatures are likely to rise by 2100 (Stocker et al. 2013). This warm
climate has already posed a great threat on our ecosystem and in future more worst
scenarios are expected. Climate change in last few decades is affecting all levels of
ecological organization. It changes population density (for all the species) in various geographical regions, species composition in communities and also the structure
and function of ecosystems (Lafferty 2009; Walther 2010; Yang and Rudolf 2010).
Considering the present climate trend, climate scientists are speculating that new
ecosystems will emerge and existing ecosystems will be wiped out in future and this
S. Chatterjee and A. Tandon
and primary aerosol increased markedly with rise in air temperature under different conditions (e.g. emission pattern), but organic and nitrated components (volatile
one) decreased mainly because of their movement from the particulate to the gaseous
phase (Hogrefe et al. 2006).
3 Recent Incidents Due to Climate Change and Their Effect
In a recent UN Environment report, it was mentioned that “Climate action must
happen now – the risks to our planet are greater than ever. Scientists warn of a
climate cascade if global temperatures rise more than 2 °C above pre-industrial
levels, leading to “hothouse” conditions and higher sea levels, making some areas on
Earth uninhabitable” (UN Environment 2018). This feature is not new. It is happening
since last few decades. Frequent natural calamities are the persuasive examples of this
phenomenon. Although some important pledges made under the Paris Agreement,
global temperatures rise by up to 3.4 °C is unavoidable in this century, which will
eventually change the current weather patterns. Many incidents like drought, forest
fires, typhoons, sea level rise and coastal erosion, tsunami, desertification, more
intense hurricanes, and frequent storms are the consequences of climate change. One
has to remember that ‘anthropogenic environmental pollution’ too has contributed a
lot in this climate change event. Table 1 summarised the few events that happened
due to the climate action during the past few decades.
It is highly arguable whether these incidents are the direct consequences of climate change or not! Many secondary factors are also responsible and contributed
substantially. Ignorance and greed of the people sometimes leads them to violate the
natural/environmental rules and floods, forest fires, soil erosions, droughts etc. are
the result of these unethical activities.
4 Eco-biological Effects of Climate Change
Ecological responses to recent climate change are well studied phenomena and extensively reviewed during the last few decades (Bellard et al. 2012). The Earth’s climate
has warmed by 0.5 °C over the last 100 years and it was reported that between 1880
and 2012, global mean annual temperatures were increased by ~0.85 °C and an additional 1–4 °C temperatures are likely to rise by 2100 (Stocker et al. 2013). This warm
climate has already posed a great threat on our ecosystem and in future more worst
scenarios are expected. Climate change in last few decades is affecting all levels of
ecological organization. It changes population density (for all the species) in various geographical regions, species composition in communities and also the structure
and function of ecosystems (Lafferty 2009; Walther 2010; Yang and Rudolf 2010).
Considering the present climate trend, climate scientists are speculating that new
ecosystems will emerge and existing ecosystems will be wiped out in future and this