516
J. A. Dar et al.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (2013) Guide for country reporting for FRA 2015. FRA
2015 working paper. UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (2015) Global forest resources assessment 2015. FAO
Forestry Research Paper 180, Rome, Italy
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). http://www.fao.org/sustainable-forest-management/
toolbox/modules/forest-certification/further-learning/en/?type=111
Frey BR, Lieffers VJ, Hogg EH, Landhausser SM (2004) Predicting landscape patterns of aspen
dieback: mechanisms and knowledge gaps. Can J Forest Res 34:1379–1390
Gao Q, Guo Y, Xu H, Ganjurjav H, Li Y, Wan Y, Qin X, Ma X, Liu S (2016) Climate change and
its impacts on vegetation distribution and net primary productivity of the alpine ecosystem in the
Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Sci Total Environ 554–555:34–41
Garcia RA, Cabeza M, Rahbek C, Araújo MB (2014) Multiple dimensions of climate change and
their implications for biodiversity. Science 344:1247579
Gauthier S, Bernier P, Kuuluvainen T, Shvidenko AZ, Schepaschenko DG (2015) Boreal forest
health and global change. Science 349:819–822
Gibson L, Lynam AJ, Bradshaw CJA, He F, Bickford DP, Woodruff DS, Bumrungsri S, Laurance WF (2013) Near-complete extinction of native small mammal fauna 25 years after forest
fragmentation. Science 341:1508–1510
Gilman RT, Fabina NS, Abbott KC, Rafferty NE (2011) Evolution of plant–pollinator mutualism
in response to climate change. Evol Appl 5:2–16
Goers L, Ashton MS, Tyrrell ML (2012) Introduction. In: Ashton MS, Tyrrell ML, Spalding D,
Gentry B (eds) Managing forest carbon in a changing climate. Springer, The Netherlands, pp 1–4
Gorte RW(2007) Carbon sequestration in forests. CRS report for congress RL31432. Congressional
Research Service
Goulden ML, Munger JW, Fan SM, Daube BC, Wofsy SC (1996) Exchange of carbon dioxide by
a deciduous forest: response to interannual climate variability. Science 271:1576–1578
Grassi G, den Elzen MG, Hof AF, Pilli R, Federici S (2012) The role of the land use, land use
change and forestry sector in achieving Annex I reduction pledges. Clim Change 115:873–881
Grassi G, House J, Dentener F, Federici S, Den Elzen M, Penman J (2017) The key role of forests
in meeting climate targets requires science for credible mitigation. Nat Clim Change 7:220–226
Grimm NB, Chapin FS, Bierwagen B, Gonzalez P, Groffman PM, Luo Y, Melton F, Nadelhoffer
K, Pairis A, Raymond PA, Schimel J, Williamson CE (2013) The impacts of climate change on
ecosystem structure and function. Front Ecol Environ 11:474–482
Guo J, Gong P (2017) The potential and cost of increasing forest carbon sequestration in Sweden.
J For Econ 29:78–86
Haddad NM, Brudvig LA, Clobert J, Davies KF, Gonzalez A, Holt RD, Lovejoy TE, Sexton JO,
Austin MP, Collins CD, Cook WM, Damschen EI, Ewers RM, Foster BL, Jenkins CN, King
AJ, Laurance WF, Levey DJ, Margules CR, Melbourne BA, Nicholls AO, Orrock JL, Song DX,
Townshend JR (2015) Habitat fragmentation and its lasting impact on Earth’s ecosystems. Sci
Adv 1(2):e1500052
Hamilton JA, Miller JM (2016) Adaptive introgression as a resource for management and genetic
conservation in a changing climate. Conserv Biol 30:33–41
Hamlet AF, Elsner MM, Mauger GS, Lee SY, Tohver I, Norheim RA (2013) An overview of the
Columbia Basin Climate Change Scenarios Project: approach, methods, and summary of key
results. Atmos-Ocean 51(4):392–415
Hamlet AF, Mote PW, Clark MP, Lettenmaier DP (2005) Effects of temperature and precipitation
variability on snowpack trends in the western U.S. J Clim 18:4545–4561
Hannah L, Bird A (2018) Climate change and biodiversity: impacts. Encycl Anthr 3:249–258
Hansen MC, Potapov PV, Moore R, Hancher M, Turubanova SA, Tyukavina A, Thau D, Stehman SV,
Goetz SJ, Loveland TR, Kommareddy A, Egorov A, Chini L, Justice CO, Townshend JRG (2013)
High-resolution global maps of 21st-century forest cover change. Science 342(6160):850–853
Harden JW, O’Neill KP, Trumbore SE, Veldhuis H, Stocks BJ (1997) Moss and soil contributions to
the annual net carbon flux of a maturing boreal forest. J Geophys Res Atmos 102:28805–28816
J. A. Dar et al.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (2013) Guide for country reporting for FRA 2015. FRA
2015 working paper. UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (2015) Global forest resources assessment 2015. FAO
Forestry Research Paper 180, Rome, Italy
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). http://www.fao.org/sustainable-forest-management/
toolbox/modules/forest-certification/further-learning/en/?type=111
Frey BR, Lieffers VJ, Hogg EH, Landhausser SM (2004) Predicting landscape patterns of aspen
dieback: mechanisms and knowledge gaps. Can J Forest Res 34:1379–1390
Gao Q, Guo Y, Xu H, Ganjurjav H, Li Y, Wan Y, Qin X, Ma X, Liu S (2016) Climate change and
its impacts on vegetation distribution and net primary productivity of the alpine ecosystem in the
Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Sci Total Environ 554–555:34–41
Garcia RA, Cabeza M, Rahbek C, Araújo MB (2014) Multiple dimensions of climate change and
their implications for biodiversity. Science 344:1247579
Gauthier S, Bernier P, Kuuluvainen T, Shvidenko AZ, Schepaschenko DG (2015) Boreal forest
health and global change. Science 349:819–822
Gibson L, Lynam AJ, Bradshaw CJA, He F, Bickford DP, Woodruff DS, Bumrungsri S, Laurance WF (2013) Near-complete extinction of native small mammal fauna 25 years after forest
fragmentation. Science 341:1508–1510
Gilman RT, Fabina NS, Abbott KC, Rafferty NE (2011) Evolution of plant–pollinator mutualism
in response to climate change. Evol Appl 5:2–16
Goers L, Ashton MS, Tyrrell ML (2012) Introduction. In: Ashton MS, Tyrrell ML, Spalding D,
Gentry B (eds) Managing forest carbon in a changing climate. Springer, The Netherlands, pp 1–4
Gorte RW(2007) Carbon sequestration in forests. CRS report for congress RL31432. Congressional
Research Service
Goulden ML, Munger JW, Fan SM, Daube BC, Wofsy SC (1996) Exchange of carbon dioxide by
a deciduous forest: response to interannual climate variability. Science 271:1576–1578
Grassi G, den Elzen MG, Hof AF, Pilli R, Federici S (2012) The role of the land use, land use
change and forestry sector in achieving Annex I reduction pledges. Clim Change 115:873–881
Grassi G, House J, Dentener F, Federici S, Den Elzen M, Penman J (2017) The key role of forests
in meeting climate targets requires science for credible mitigation. Nat Clim Change 7:220–226
Grimm NB, Chapin FS, Bierwagen B, Gonzalez P, Groffman PM, Luo Y, Melton F, Nadelhoffer
K, Pairis A, Raymond PA, Schimel J, Williamson CE (2013) The impacts of climate change on
ecosystem structure and function. Front Ecol Environ 11:474–482
Guo J, Gong P (2017) The potential and cost of increasing forest carbon sequestration in Sweden.
J For Econ 29:78–86
Haddad NM, Brudvig LA, Clobert J, Davies KF, Gonzalez A, Holt RD, Lovejoy TE, Sexton JO,
Austin MP, Collins CD, Cook WM, Damschen EI, Ewers RM, Foster BL, Jenkins CN, King
AJ, Laurance WF, Levey DJ, Margules CR, Melbourne BA, Nicholls AO, Orrock JL, Song DX,
Townshend JR (2015) Habitat fragmentation and its lasting impact on Earth’s ecosystems. Sci
Adv 1(2):e1500052
Hamilton JA, Miller JM (2016) Adaptive introgression as a resource for management and genetic
conservation in a changing climate. Conserv Biol 30:33–41
Hamlet AF, Elsner MM, Mauger GS, Lee SY, Tohver I, Norheim RA (2013) An overview of the
Columbia Basin Climate Change Scenarios Project: approach, methods, and summary of key
results. Atmos-Ocean 51(4):392–415
Hamlet AF, Mote PW, Clark MP, Lettenmaier DP (2005) Effects of temperature and precipitation
variability on snowpack trends in the western U.S. J Clim 18:4545–4561
Hannah L, Bird A (2018) Climate change and biodiversity: impacts. Encycl Anthr 3:249–258
Hansen MC, Potapov PV, Moore R, Hancher M, Turubanova SA, Tyukavina A, Thau D, Stehman SV,
Goetz SJ, Loveland TR, Kommareddy A, Egorov A, Chini L, Justice CO, Townshend JRG (2013)
High-resolution global maps of 21st-century forest cover change. Science 342(6160):850–853
Harden JW, O’Neill KP, Trumbore SE, Veldhuis H, Stocks BJ (1997) Moss and soil contributions to
the annual net carbon flux of a maturing boreal forest. J Geophys Res Atmos 102:28805–28816