304
J. Narayana et al.
The carbon dioxide level has been continuously increasing from a preindustrial
period by 279 ppm through 393.84 ppm in 2012 to 395.15 ppm in August 2013 and the
projected concentration of CO 2 in 2100 will range from 540 to 970 ppm and this will
lead to increase in temperature by 1.8–4 °C. A rise in the global mean temperature of
0.74 °C has been recorded. Consequently, the climatologists are calling for a pressing
action to hold back global warming (Sundarapandian et al. 2013).
Global warming includes rise in temperature over land and sea surface, melting of
glaciers and ice sheets, rise in sea level, ocean acidification, change in flowering and
fruiting phenology of plants, shift in movement of fishes and animals. Further, new
disastrous diseases have been outbreak due to global warming and climate change
(Pragasan 2016).
Carbon sequestration is a natural removal of carbon from atmosphere by plants
and soil depositing it in the reservoir. It has also been defined as any of the several
processes for removal of excess carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from atmosphere in an effort
to moderate global warming (Subramaniyan et al. 2017). It is the controlled disposal
or storage of carbon compounds to prevent their release into the environment and it
is sequestered by plants during photosynthesis process which is done by the leaves
that helps in extracting the carbon from atmosphere.
One of the major environmental issues of this century is Global warming (Jithila
et al. 2018). Plant vegetations store carbon in the form of live biomass till their
lifespan. The trees perform important ecological function of reducing environmental
pollution through sequestering carbon. Trees and their canopies provide a freezing effect on microclimate specifically by shading the floor and obliquely through
transpiration.
All living organism has carbon and it is the major structural block for life on earth.
Carbon exists in various forms, predominately as plant biomass, soil organic matter,
carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in the atmosphere. There is an everlasting carbon cycle in
which carbon is being sequestered on the earth and release back into the atmosphere
continuously. It is argued that the accelerating accumulation of greenhouse gases,
particularly carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), in the atmosphere from human activities such
as reducing amount of forest cover, increasing the amount and variety of chemicals
released into the atmosphere, and intensive farming, is driving climate change. Some
of these changes have decreased the capacity of the environment to support some
life forms (Jaiswal et al. 2014).
Biomass is the organic matter of trees and is the source of all other productivity
in the forest and the biomass can be used to: (a) to determine energy fixation in
forest, (b) to measure increment in forest yield, growth, or productivity and (c) assess
changes in forest structure (Devi and Yadava 2015) and quantity of biomass in a forest
determines the potential amount of the carbon that can be added to atmosphere or
sequestered on the land with the intense focus on the increasing levels of atmospheric
CO 2 and the potential for global climate change, there is an urgent need to assess the
possibility of managing ecosystem to sequester and store carbon (Borah et al. 2013).
Carbon sequestration in growing forests is known to be a cost effective option for
mitigation of global warming and global climatic change. Indian forest is sequestering
more than 116 million tons of CO 2 per year which is equal to 32 million of carbon
J. Narayana et al.
The carbon dioxide level has been continuously increasing from a preindustrial
period by 279 ppm through 393.84 ppm in 2012 to 395.15 ppm in August 2013 and the
projected concentration of CO 2 in 2100 will range from 540 to 970 ppm and this will
lead to increase in temperature by 1.8–4 °C. A rise in the global mean temperature of
0.74 °C has been recorded. Consequently, the climatologists are calling for a pressing
action to hold back global warming (Sundarapandian et al. 2013).
Global warming includes rise in temperature over land and sea surface, melting of
glaciers and ice sheets, rise in sea level, ocean acidification, change in flowering and
fruiting phenology of plants, shift in movement of fishes and animals. Further, new
disastrous diseases have been outbreak due to global warming and climate change
(Pragasan 2016).
Carbon sequestration is a natural removal of carbon from atmosphere by plants
and soil depositing it in the reservoir. It has also been defined as any of the several
processes for removal of excess carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from atmosphere in an effort
to moderate global warming (Subramaniyan et al. 2017). It is the controlled disposal
or storage of carbon compounds to prevent their release into the environment and it
is sequestered by plants during photosynthesis process which is done by the leaves
that helps in extracting the carbon from atmosphere.
One of the major environmental issues of this century is Global warming (Jithila
et al. 2018). Plant vegetations store carbon in the form of live biomass till their
lifespan. The trees perform important ecological function of reducing environmental
pollution through sequestering carbon. Trees and their canopies provide a freezing effect on microclimate specifically by shading the floor and obliquely through
transpiration.
All living organism has carbon and it is the major structural block for life on earth.
Carbon exists in various forms, predominately as plant biomass, soil organic matter,
carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in the atmosphere. There is an everlasting carbon cycle in
which carbon is being sequestered on the earth and release back into the atmosphere
continuously. It is argued that the accelerating accumulation of greenhouse gases,
particularly carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), in the atmosphere from human activities such
as reducing amount of forest cover, increasing the amount and variety of chemicals
released into the atmosphere, and intensive farming, is driving climate change. Some
of these changes have decreased the capacity of the environment to support some
life forms (Jaiswal et al. 2014).
Biomass is the organic matter of trees and is the source of all other productivity
in the forest and the biomass can be used to: (a) to determine energy fixation in
forest, (b) to measure increment in forest yield, growth, or productivity and (c) assess
changes in forest structure (Devi and Yadava 2015) and quantity of biomass in a forest
determines the potential amount of the carbon that can be added to atmosphere or
sequestered on the land with the intense focus on the increasing levels of atmospheric
CO 2 and the potential for global climate change, there is an urgent need to assess the
possibility of managing ecosystem to sequester and store carbon (Borah et al. 2013).
Carbon sequestration in growing forests is known to be a cost effective option for
mitigation of global warming and global climatic change. Indian forest is sequestering
more than 116 million tons of CO 2 per year which is equal to 32 million of carbon