262
H. Dutta and A. Hazarika
include them by management authorities. Habitat restoration through afforestation
holds great promise in this regard (in the light of responses).
From the above, it is understood that the impacts of human–elephant conflicts
around Abhaypur Reserve Forest, Assam were more severely felt because of the
poor socio-economic conditions. The issue was complex because the involvement of
the forest administration of two different states and an endangered species protected
under law. Moreover, the problem was also likely to intensify further, with ongoing
developmental activities. The solution is to proceed with initiatives that not only
conserve the protected area, but also secures rural livelihoods. This is the only way
to make human–elephant co-existence a reality in Abhaypur.
Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge the help and co-operation received from the local
villagers and staff of Charaideo Forest Division, Assam, India.
References
Arya N (2013) Growth and development of tea industry in Assam. Int J Sci Eng Res 4(7):226–274
Banerjee A, Chowdhury M (2013) Forest degradation and livelihood of local communities in India:
a human rights approach. J Hortic For 5(8):122–129
Bowen-Jones E (2012) Financial mechanisms for addressing human wildlife conflict with particular reference to institutional aspects therein. In: International Institute for Environment and
Development—case study summaries. https://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/G03734.pdf
Brooks C, Maude G (2010) Wildlife resources and human-wildlife conflict. In: Centre for Applied
Research and Department of Environmental Affairs Makgadikgadi Framework Management Plan,
2010 (Vol 2 Technical reports). Gaborone, Botswana
Burchi M (2006) Identifying the role of education in socio-economic development. In: Proceedings
of international conference on human and economic resources, Izmir University of Economics,
Izmir, 193–206
Chartier L, Zimmermann A, Ladle RJ (2011) Habitat loss and human–elephant conflict in Assam,
India: does a critical threshold exist? Oryx 45(4):528–533
Cohen L, Holliday N (1982) Statistics for social scientists. Harper and Row, London
Dutta H (2017) Man-animal conflict in the forest- and fringe villages of the protected areas in Barak
Valley, Assam. Ph.D. thesis, Assam University, India
Dutta H, Singh H, Dutta BK, Deb P (2018) Human-elephant conflict in Patheria hills reserve forest
along the Indo-Bangladesh Border in Northeast India. Gajah 48:24–26
Fanning E (2005) Formatting a paper-based survey questionnaire: best practices. Pract Assess Res
Eval 10(12):1–14
Fenta MM (2014) Human-wildlife conflicts: case study in Wondo Genet district, Southern Ethiopia.
Agriculture For Fish 3(5):352–362
Gubbi S (2012) Patterns and correlates of human-elephant conflict around a South Indian reserve.
Biol Cons 148:88–95
Gurung B, Smith JLD, McDougal C, Karki JB, Barlow A (2008) Factors associated with humankilling tiger in Chitwan National Park, Nepal. Biol Cons 141:3069–3078
Hazarika A, Dutta H (2018) Perceptions of human–elephant conflict around Abhaypur Reserve
Forest in Northeast India. Gajah 48:27–29
Jadhav S, Barua M (2012) The elephant vanishes: impact of human–elephant conflict on people’s
wellbeing. Health Place 18(6):1356–1365
H. Dutta and A. Hazarika
include them by management authorities. Habitat restoration through afforestation
holds great promise in this regard (in the light of responses).
From the above, it is understood that the impacts of human–elephant conflicts
around Abhaypur Reserve Forest, Assam were more severely felt because of the
poor socio-economic conditions. The issue was complex because the involvement of
the forest administration of two different states and an endangered species protected
under law. Moreover, the problem was also likely to intensify further, with ongoing
developmental activities. The solution is to proceed with initiatives that not only
conserve the protected area, but also secures rural livelihoods. This is the only way
to make human–elephant co-existence a reality in Abhaypur.
Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge the help and co-operation received from the local
villagers and staff of Charaideo Forest Division, Assam, India.
References
Arya N (2013) Growth and development of tea industry in Assam. Int J Sci Eng Res 4(7):226–274
Banerjee A, Chowdhury M (2013) Forest degradation and livelihood of local communities in India:
a human rights approach. J Hortic For 5(8):122–129
Bowen-Jones E (2012) Financial mechanisms for addressing human wildlife conflict with particular reference to institutional aspects therein. In: International Institute for Environment and
Development—case study summaries. https://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/G03734.pdf
Brooks C, Maude G (2010) Wildlife resources and human-wildlife conflict. In: Centre for Applied
Research and Department of Environmental Affairs Makgadikgadi Framework Management Plan,
2010 (Vol 2 Technical reports). Gaborone, Botswana
Burchi M (2006) Identifying the role of education in socio-economic development. In: Proceedings
of international conference on human and economic resources, Izmir University of Economics,
Izmir, 193–206
Chartier L, Zimmermann A, Ladle RJ (2011) Habitat loss and human–elephant conflict in Assam,
India: does a critical threshold exist? Oryx 45(4):528–533
Cohen L, Holliday N (1982) Statistics for social scientists. Harper and Row, London
Dutta H (2017) Man-animal conflict in the forest- and fringe villages of the protected areas in Barak
Valley, Assam. Ph.D. thesis, Assam University, India
Dutta H, Singh H, Dutta BK, Deb P (2018) Human-elephant conflict in Patheria hills reserve forest
along the Indo-Bangladesh Border in Northeast India. Gajah 48:24–26
Fanning E (2005) Formatting a paper-based survey questionnaire: best practices. Pract Assess Res
Eval 10(12):1–14
Fenta MM (2014) Human-wildlife conflicts: case study in Wondo Genet district, Southern Ethiopia.
Agriculture For Fish 3(5):352–362
Gubbi S (2012) Patterns and correlates of human-elephant conflict around a South Indian reserve.
Biol Cons 148:88–95
Gurung B, Smith JLD, McDougal C, Karki JB, Barlow A (2008) Factors associated with humankilling tiger in Chitwan National Park, Nepal. Biol Cons 141:3069–3078
Hazarika A, Dutta H (2018) Perceptions of human–elephant conflict around Abhaypur Reserve
Forest in Northeast India. Gajah 48:27–29
Jadhav S, Barua M (2012) The elephant vanishes: impact of human–elephant conflict on people’s
wellbeing. Health Place 18(6):1356–1365