114
S. Deb
of results and feeding the results of the monitoring back to improved management
of the agroforestry system.
6 Conclusion
Maintenance of traditional agroforestry provides a guideline to develop diversified
systems that takes advantage of the effects of the combination of plants and animal biodiversity. Such integration enhances complex interaction and synergism that
optimizes ecosystem functioning and processes, such as biotic regulation of harmful
organism, nutrient cycling and biomass production and accumulation. In an agroforestry strategy, management components are directed to emphasize the conservation and improvement of local agricultural and forest resources, its soil condition by
emphasizing a developmental methodology that encourages farmers’ participation,
use of traditional knowledge and adoption of farm enterprises that fit local needs in
socio-economic and biophysical condition. Hence, the goal is to design and improve
the traditional agroforestry systems with rich diversity and biological active soil, one
that promotes natural pest control, nutrient cycling and higher soil cover to prevent
resource losses.
References
Arunachalam A, John B, Maithani K, Pandey HN, Tripathi RS (1997) Vegetational and edaphic
changes during secondary succession in a subtropical pine and broadleaved forests in north-east
India. Ekologia 16:253–264
Arunachalam A, Maithani K, Pandey HN, Tripathi RS (1998) Leaf litter decomposition and nutrient
mineralization patterns in regrowing stands of a humid subtropical forest following tree cutting.
For Ecol Manage 109:151–161
Arunachalam A, Khan ML, Arunachalam K (2002) Balancing traditional jhum cultivation with
modern agroforestry in eastern Himalaya biodiversity hot spot. Curr Sci 83(2):117–118
Chakraborty M, Haider MZ, Rahaman MM (2015) Socio- economic impact of cropland agroforestry
system evidence from Jessore District of Bangladesh. Int J Res Agric For 14–16
Deb S, Arunachalam A, Das AK (2009) Indigenous knowledge of Nyishi tribes on traditional
agroforestry systems. Indian J Tradit Knowl 8(1):41–46
Devendra C, Thomas D (2002) Crop-animal system in Asia: importance of livestock and
characterization of agro ecological zones. Agric Syst 71:5–15
Juo ASR, Lal R (1977) The effects of fallow and continuous cultivation on the chemical and physical
properties of Alfisol in western Nigeria. Plant Soil 47:567–584
Lundgren BO, Raintree JB (1983) Sustained agroforestry. agricultural research for development:
potentials and challenges in Asia. ISNAR, The Hague, pp 37–49
Shastri CM, Bhat DM, Nagaraja BC, Murali KS, Ravindranath NH (2002) Tree species diversity in
a village ecosystem in Uttara Kannanda district in Western Ghats, Karnataka. Curr Sci 82:1080–
1084
Tewari DN (1992) A monograph on Bamboo. International Book Distributors, Dehradun, India
S. Deb
of results and feeding the results of the monitoring back to improved management
of the agroforestry system.
6 Conclusion
Maintenance of traditional agroforestry provides a guideline to develop diversified
systems that takes advantage of the effects of the combination of plants and animal biodiversity. Such integration enhances complex interaction and synergism that
optimizes ecosystem functioning and processes, such as biotic regulation of harmful
organism, nutrient cycling and biomass production and accumulation. In an agroforestry strategy, management components are directed to emphasize the conservation and improvement of local agricultural and forest resources, its soil condition by
emphasizing a developmental methodology that encourages farmers’ participation,
use of traditional knowledge and adoption of farm enterprises that fit local needs in
socio-economic and biophysical condition. Hence, the goal is to design and improve
the traditional agroforestry systems with rich diversity and biological active soil, one
that promotes natural pest control, nutrient cycling and higher soil cover to prevent
resource losses.
References
Arunachalam A, John B, Maithani K, Pandey HN, Tripathi RS (1997) Vegetational and edaphic
changes during secondary succession in a subtropical pine and broadleaved forests in north-east
India. Ekologia 16:253–264
Arunachalam A, Maithani K, Pandey HN, Tripathi RS (1998) Leaf litter decomposition and nutrient
mineralization patterns in regrowing stands of a humid subtropical forest following tree cutting.
For Ecol Manage 109:151–161
Arunachalam A, Khan ML, Arunachalam K (2002) Balancing traditional jhum cultivation with
modern agroforestry in eastern Himalaya biodiversity hot spot. Curr Sci 83(2):117–118
Chakraborty M, Haider MZ, Rahaman MM (2015) Socio- economic impact of cropland agroforestry
system evidence from Jessore District of Bangladesh. Int J Res Agric For 14–16
Deb S, Arunachalam A, Das AK (2009) Indigenous knowledge of Nyishi tribes on traditional
agroforestry systems. Indian J Tradit Knowl 8(1):41–46
Devendra C, Thomas D (2002) Crop-animal system in Asia: importance of livestock and
characterization of agro ecological zones. Agric Syst 71:5–15
Juo ASR, Lal R (1977) The effects of fallow and continuous cultivation on the chemical and physical
properties of Alfisol in western Nigeria. Plant Soil 47:567–584
Lundgren BO, Raintree JB (1983) Sustained agroforestry. agricultural research for development:
potentials and challenges in Asia. ISNAR, The Hague, pp 37–49
Shastri CM, Bhat DM, Nagaraja BC, Murali KS, Ravindranath NH (2002) Tree species diversity in
a village ecosystem in Uttara Kannanda district in Western Ghats, Karnataka. Curr Sci 82:1080–
1084
Tewari DN (1992) A monograph on Bamboo. International Book Distributors, Dehradun, India