74
8 Conclusion
Fisheries contribute significantly to the economy of India. Though the contribution
from the marine sector has been reaching a plateau, the production from the inland
aquaculture sector is substantial. The projections indicate that climate induced
changes will have significant influence in the distribution of fish species. The incidences of extreme events are also projected to increase in both severity and frequency. Most of the damages due to anthropogenic causes have been transferred to
the oceans and other water bodies. The capacity of fishing vessels, both in terms of
engine power and size has been increasing with concurrent increase in the energy
expended and emissions for capture of fish. Adaptation is thus very essential and
there is an urgent need for mitigation measures that control the production of greenhouse gases that contribute to climate related changes. Fishery technology based
approaches can be used, but, governance needs to ensure that fisheries and aquaculture adapt to the impacts of climate change. Among the different adaptation strategies proposed, adherence to existing legal, voluntary and non-voluntary mechanisms
for sustainably harvesting fisheries resources needs to be identified and practiced.
References
Allison E, Perry A, Badjeck MC, Adger WN, Brown K, Conway D, Halls A, Pilling G, Reynolds
J, Andrew N, Dulvy N (2009) Vulnerability of national economies to the impacts of climate
change on fisheries. Fish Fish 10:173–196
Aswathy NA, Shanmugham TR, Sathiadhas R (2011) Economic viability of mechanized fishing
unitsand socio-economics of fishing ban in Kerala. Indian J Fish 58(2):115–120
Baiju MV, Boopendranath MR (2014) Estimation of optimum engine power of fishing craft with
reference to length. Fish Technol 51:67–69
Barange M, Merino G, Blanchard JL, Scholtens J, Harle AEH, Allen JI, Hold J, Jennings S (2014)
Impacts of climate change on marine ecosystem production in societies dependent on fisheries.
Nat Clim Change Lett 4(3):211–216
Boopendranath MR, Pravin P, Gibinkumar TR, Sabu S (2008) Bycatch reduction devices for selective shrimp trawling. ICAR Ad hoc Project Report, 220 p, CIFT, Cochin
Brander KM (2008) Tackling the old familiar problems of pollution, habitat alteration and overfishing will help with adapting to climate change. Mar Poll Bull 56:1957–1958
Cheung W, LAM V, Sarmiento S, Kearney K, Watson R, Zeller D, Pauly D (2010) Large-scale
redistribution of maximum fisheries catch potential in the global ocean under climate change.
Glob Chang Biol 16:24–35
CIFT (2011) CIFT semi-pelagic trawl system: an eco-friendly alternative to bottom trawling
for small-scale mechanized sector, CIFT Technology Advisory Series. Central Institute of
Fisheries Technology, Cochin, p 16
CMFRI (2017) ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Marine Fish Landings in India,
2016. FRAD technical report. Kochi
FAO (2016) The state of world fisheries and aquaculture 2016. Contributing to food security and
nutrition for all. Rome, p 200
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2001) Climate change 2001: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. In: Contribution of working group II to the third assessment report of the
C. N. Ravishankar and V. R. Madhu
8 Conclusion
Fisheries contribute significantly to the economy of India. Though the contribution
from the marine sector has been reaching a plateau, the production from the inland
aquaculture sector is substantial. The projections indicate that climate induced
changes will have significant influence in the distribution of fish species. The incidences of extreme events are also projected to increase in both severity and frequency. Most of the damages due to anthropogenic causes have been transferred to
the oceans and other water bodies. The capacity of fishing vessels, both in terms of
engine power and size has been increasing with concurrent increase in the energy
expended and emissions for capture of fish. Adaptation is thus very essential and
there is an urgent need for mitigation measures that control the production of greenhouse gases that contribute to climate related changes. Fishery technology based
approaches can be used, but, governance needs to ensure that fisheries and aquaculture adapt to the impacts of climate change. Among the different adaptation strategies proposed, adherence to existing legal, voluntary and non-voluntary mechanisms
for sustainably harvesting fisheries resources needs to be identified and practiced.
References
Allison E, Perry A, Badjeck MC, Adger WN, Brown K, Conway D, Halls A, Pilling G, Reynolds
J, Andrew N, Dulvy N (2009) Vulnerability of national economies to the impacts of climate
change on fisheries. Fish Fish 10:173–196
Aswathy NA, Shanmugham TR, Sathiadhas R (2011) Economic viability of mechanized fishing
unitsand socio-economics of fishing ban in Kerala. Indian J Fish 58(2):115–120
Baiju MV, Boopendranath MR (2014) Estimation of optimum engine power of fishing craft with
reference to length. Fish Technol 51:67–69
Barange M, Merino G, Blanchard JL, Scholtens J, Harle AEH, Allen JI, Hold J, Jennings S (2014)
Impacts of climate change on marine ecosystem production in societies dependent on fisheries.
Nat Clim Change Lett 4(3):211–216
Boopendranath MR, Pravin P, Gibinkumar TR, Sabu S (2008) Bycatch reduction devices for selective shrimp trawling. ICAR Ad hoc Project Report, 220 p, CIFT, Cochin
Brander KM (2008) Tackling the old familiar problems of pollution, habitat alteration and overfishing will help with adapting to climate change. Mar Poll Bull 56:1957–1958
Cheung W, LAM V, Sarmiento S, Kearney K, Watson R, Zeller D, Pauly D (2010) Large-scale
redistribution of maximum fisheries catch potential in the global ocean under climate change.
Glob Chang Biol 16:24–35
CIFT (2011) CIFT semi-pelagic trawl system: an eco-friendly alternative to bottom trawling
for small-scale mechanized sector, CIFT Technology Advisory Series. Central Institute of
Fisheries Technology, Cochin, p 16
CMFRI (2017) ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Marine Fish Landings in India,
2016. FRAD technical report. Kochi
FAO (2016) The state of world fisheries and aquaculture 2016. Contributing to food security and
nutrition for all. Rome, p 200
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2001) Climate change 2001: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. In: Contribution of working group II to the third assessment report of the
C. N. Ravishankar and V. R. Madhu