11
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
P. S. Goel et al. (eds.), Climate Change and the White World,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21679-5_2
Indian Arctic Multisensory Moored
Underwater Observatory
R. Venkatesan, M. A. Atmanand, and G. Latha
Abstract Multisensory moorings were made functional in the Kongsfjorden for
long term monitoring of various oceanographic parameters in 2014 and upgraded
subsequently in 2015 and 2016. These moorings in the fjord, at very close spatial
and temporal scales, have covered the entire spring, summer and fall seasons, providing oceanographic data for more that 350 days each year. These moorings that
are equipped with CTD, DO, SPCM, Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler, Argos
Beacons, Ambient Noise Measurement System, Photo-synthetically Active
Radiation sensor, Fluorescence and Turbidly sensors, Submersible Ultraviolet
Nitrate Analyser etc. have contributed to our understanding of water mass transport
and how the fjord system is influenced by exchanges with the water masses on the
shelf and in the deep sea outside.
Keywords Multisensory moorings · Kongsfjorden · Temperature · Noise profile
1 Introduction
The Kongsfjorden of the Arctic Region was observed by Indian scientists during
summer time in order to establish a partial time series database of oceanographic
parameters. Teleconnection between the Arctic Region and its effect on Monsoon of
tropical countries is the subject of interest among many scientists. Realizing the
significance of such studies, National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research
(NCAOR)
1
formulated the project on ‘Long-term monitoring of Kongsfjorden for
climate change studies’ and since then have been conducting oceanographic surveys
in the fjord at very close spatial and temporal scales almost covering the entire
spring, summer and fall seasons. The results of our observations indicated that there
is still a great need for knowledge on how the fjord system is influenced by exchanges
with the water masses on the shelf and in the deep sea outside. In particular, there is
a need for continuous observations of the water transport into the interior part of the
R. Venkatesan · M. A. Atmanand (*) · G. Latha
National Institute of Ocean Technology, Chennai, India
e-mail: atma@niot.res.in
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
P. S. Goel et al. (eds.), Climate Change and the White World,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21679-5_2
Indian Arctic Multisensory Moored
Underwater Observatory
R. Venkatesan, M. A. Atmanand, and G. Latha
Abstract Multisensory moorings were made functional in the Kongsfjorden for
long term monitoring of various oceanographic parameters in 2014 and upgraded
subsequently in 2015 and 2016. These moorings in the fjord, at very close spatial
and temporal scales, have covered the entire spring, summer and fall seasons, providing oceanographic data for more that 350 days each year. These moorings that
are equipped with CTD, DO, SPCM, Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler, Argos
Beacons, Ambient Noise Measurement System, Photo-synthetically Active
Radiation sensor, Fluorescence and Turbidly sensors, Submersible Ultraviolet
Nitrate Analyser etc. have contributed to our understanding of water mass transport
and how the fjord system is influenced by exchanges with the water masses on the
shelf and in the deep sea outside.
Keywords Multisensory moorings · Kongsfjorden · Temperature · Noise profile
1 Introduction
The Kongsfjorden of the Arctic Region was observed by Indian scientists during
summer time in order to establish a partial time series database of oceanographic
parameters. Teleconnection between the Arctic Region and its effect on Monsoon of
tropical countries is the subject of interest among many scientists. Realizing the
significance of such studies, National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research
(NCAOR)
1
formulated the project on ‘Long-term monitoring of Kongsfjorden for
climate change studies’ and since then have been conducting oceanographic surveys
in the fjord at very close spatial and temporal scales almost covering the entire
spring, summer and fall seasons. The results of our observations indicated that there
is still a great need for knowledge on how the fjord system is influenced by exchanges
with the water masses on the shelf and in the deep sea outside. In particular, there is
a need for continuous observations of the water transport into the interior part of the
R. Venkatesan · M. A. Atmanand (*) · G. Latha
National Institute of Ocean Technology, Chennai, India
e-mail: atma@niot.res.in