188
7 Impact Resistance of Armor Steel/Ceramic/UHPCC Layered …
300 ~ 1100 m/s and concrete compressive strength of 48 MPa and 140 MPa, and it was
found that the projectiles after perforating the 140 MPa concrete targets have lower
residual velocities. Ultra-high performance cementitious composites (UHPCC) is a
relatively new type of cementitious material, and it has very low water-to-binder ratio,
high amount of high-range water reducer (HRWR), fine aggregates and high-strength
steel fibers. With the prominent mechanical properties, i.e., high compressive and
tensile strengths, high ductility as well as the high fracture energy, UHPCC has
been becoming the most prospective construction material for both civil and military
protective structures to resist the impact loadings. Aiming to protect the persons and
equipment in the protective structures against high-speed small caliber arms, Sovják
et al. (2013, 2015) and Máca et al. (2014) conducted a series of bullets impact tests on
traditional fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) and UHPC targets with striking velocity
in the range of 691 ~ 720 m/s, and it was verified that UHPC has much greater impact
resistance compared to the traditional FRC. As for the medium caliber projectiles,
Wu et al. (2015a, b) carried out the 25.3 mm-caliber ogive-nosed projectile penetration tests on the basalt and corundum aggregated ultra-high performance steel fiber
reinforced concrete, and the contribution of coarse aggregates against the projectile
is discussed. In addition, for the numerical simulations of UHPC against projectile impact, the new constitutive model and the corresponding model parameters of
UHPC were also calibrated and validated in Refs. (Yang et al. 2019; Ren et al. 2017;
Liu et al. 2017, 2018).
Attributed to its high hardness and intrinsic strength, the lightweight ceramic
target can induce the interface defeat response (the projectile is forced to flow
radially on the surface of ceramic target for a period of time without significant
penetration), which has a prominent effect on the penetration capacity of the armor
piecing projectile (Lundberg et al. 2000; Lundberg and Lundberg 2005). Therefore,
both the lightweight ceramic and high strength homogeneous metallic material have
great potential applications in the military protective structures. For example, the
ceramic/metal composite plates were successfully equipped to the military vehicles and helicopters to against the armor-piercing projectile and were verified to be
effective to improve the motility simultaneously. The corresponding experimental
and theoretical investigations on the ballistic limit velocities and the optimal design
of the ceramic/metal composite plates with the constant thickness or areal density
(the mass per unit area of a material with certain thickness) were further carried out
(Serjouei et al. 2015; Fawaz et al. 2006; Bendor et al. 2000). Recently, several penetration tests into composite structures consisting of concrete targets as well as armor
steel or ceramic plates were also performed (Feng et al. 2016; Shao et al. 2019; Shi
et al. 2006;). By carrying out 9 shots of penetration test with small caliber projectiles
(6 and 10.8 mm in diameter) at striking velocities of about 800 and 1300 m/s, Feng
et al. (2016) quantitatively analyzed the impact resistance of UHPC (compressive
strength of about 300 MPa)/armor steel composite targets. Compared with the spaced
configuration, the layered configuration of UHPC/armor steel composite target was
experimentally and numerically verified to have superior impact resistance due to
the confinement at the interface between the front and rear plate. Aiming to evaluate the effectiveness of the alumina ceramic balls (30 mm in diameter) in resisting
7 Impact Resistance of Armor Steel/Ceramic/UHPCC Layered …
300 ~ 1100 m/s and concrete compressive strength of 48 MPa and 140 MPa, and it was
found that the projectiles after perforating the 140 MPa concrete targets have lower
residual velocities. Ultra-high performance cementitious composites (UHPCC) is a
relatively new type of cementitious material, and it has very low water-to-binder ratio,
high amount of high-range water reducer (HRWR), fine aggregates and high-strength
steel fibers. With the prominent mechanical properties, i.e., high compressive and
tensile strengths, high ductility as well as the high fracture energy, UHPCC has
been becoming the most prospective construction material for both civil and military
protective structures to resist the impact loadings. Aiming to protect the persons and
equipment in the protective structures against high-speed small caliber arms, Sovják
et al. (2013, 2015) and Máca et al. (2014) conducted a series of bullets impact tests on
traditional fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) and UHPC targets with striking velocity
in the range of 691 ~ 720 m/s, and it was verified that UHPC has much greater impact
resistance compared to the traditional FRC. As for the medium caliber projectiles,
Wu et al. (2015a, b) carried out the 25.3 mm-caliber ogive-nosed projectile penetration tests on the basalt and corundum aggregated ultra-high performance steel fiber
reinforced concrete, and the contribution of coarse aggregates against the projectile
is discussed. In addition, for the numerical simulations of UHPC against projectile impact, the new constitutive model and the corresponding model parameters of
UHPC were also calibrated and validated in Refs. (Yang et al. 2019; Ren et al. 2017;
Liu et al. 2017, 2018).
Attributed to its high hardness and intrinsic strength, the lightweight ceramic
target can induce the interface defeat response (the projectile is forced to flow
radially on the surface of ceramic target for a period of time without significant
penetration), which has a prominent effect on the penetration capacity of the armor
piecing projectile (Lundberg et al. 2000; Lundberg and Lundberg 2005). Therefore,
both the lightweight ceramic and high strength homogeneous metallic material have
great potential applications in the military protective structures. For example, the
ceramic/metal composite plates were successfully equipped to the military vehicles and helicopters to against the armor-piercing projectile and were verified to be
effective to improve the motility simultaneously. The corresponding experimental
and theoretical investigations on the ballistic limit velocities and the optimal design
of the ceramic/metal composite plates with the constant thickness or areal density
(the mass per unit area of a material with certain thickness) were further carried out
(Serjouei et al. 2015; Fawaz et al. 2006; Bendor et al. 2000). Recently, several penetration tests into composite structures consisting of concrete targets as well as armor
steel or ceramic plates were also performed (Feng et al. 2016; Shao et al. 2019; Shi
et al. 2006;). By carrying out 9 shots of penetration test with small caliber projectiles
(6 and 10.8 mm in diameter) at striking velocities of about 800 and 1300 m/s, Feng
et al. (2016) quantitatively analyzed the impact resistance of UHPC (compressive
strength of about 300 MPa)/armor steel composite targets. Compared with the spaced
configuration, the layered configuration of UHPC/armor steel composite target was
experimentally and numerically verified to have superior impact resistance due to
the confinement at the interface between the front and rear plate. Aiming to evaluate the effectiveness of the alumina ceramic balls (30 mm in diameter) in resisting