Chapter 6
Impact Resistance of Basalt Aggregated
UHP-SFRC/Fabric Composite Panels
Against Small Caliber Arm
6.1 Introduction
Persons and valuable equipment in protective structures (e.g. buildings with military
and strategic importance, ground emergency shelters) are threatened by the perforated small caliber arms and rear ejecting fragments of the concrete wall during
intentionally attacks. Therefore, the concrete materials with good on-site workability, distinguished protective performance under high-speed impact, as well as the
related design approach are needed urgently.
For the prominent static mechanical properties (compressive strength about 150–
200 MPa, tensile strength nearly 7–15 MPa, and fracture energy about 20,000–
40,000 J/m
2 ) and the dynamical performances (Farnam et al. 2010; Habel and
Gauvreau 2008), UHP-SFRC becomes the most potential construction material to
resist the intensive loadings, such as impact and blast.
Aiming to the protection against earth penetration weapon (EPW), most of the
existing high-speed impact tests on plain or steel fiber (bar) reinforced high-strength
concrete (HSC) were mainly focused on middle caliber projectile (12.6–37 mm)
(Hanchak et al. 1992; Dancygier and Yankelevsky 1996; Dancygier 1998; O’Neil
et al. 1999; Luo et al. 2000; Liu et al. 2002; Zhang et al. 2007; Tai 2009; Wu et al.
2015a), the detailed review of these tests can be referred to Wu et al. (2015b), few
studies were conducted on the impact resistance of concrete targets against small
caliber arms.
For the bare concrete slabs, Almansa and Cánovas (1999) fired three types of
small arms (5.56, 7.62, 12.7 mm in diameter) impacting on normal and steel fiber
reinforced concrete panels (compressive strength of ~40 MPa) with thickness of 40–
200 mm. The ratio of kinetic energy loss of the bullet to the plate thickness was studied
and a model was proposed to predict the minimal thickness to avoid the perforation
or scabbing. They also qualitatively pointed out that adding fibers tends to reduce
the crater size while it has no significant effect on the target thickness necessary
to avoid perforation. Bludau et al. (2006) experimentally studied the influences of
coarse aggregate type (basalt, corundum, quartzite, recycled and boron glass), the
© Science Press 2021
Q. Fang et al., UHPCC Under Impact and Blast,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6842-2_6
163
Impact Resistance of Basalt Aggregated
UHP-SFRC/Fabric Composite Panels
Against Small Caliber Arm
6.1 Introduction
Persons and valuable equipment in protective structures (e.g. buildings with military
and strategic importance, ground emergency shelters) are threatened by the perforated small caliber arms and rear ejecting fragments of the concrete wall during
intentionally attacks. Therefore, the concrete materials with good on-site workability, distinguished protective performance under high-speed impact, as well as the
related design approach are needed urgently.
For the prominent static mechanical properties (compressive strength about 150–
200 MPa, tensile strength nearly 7–15 MPa, and fracture energy about 20,000–
40,000 J/m
2 ) and the dynamical performances (Farnam et al. 2010; Habel and
Gauvreau 2008), UHP-SFRC becomes the most potential construction material to
resist the intensive loadings, such as impact and blast.
Aiming to the protection against earth penetration weapon (EPW), most of the
existing high-speed impact tests on plain or steel fiber (bar) reinforced high-strength
concrete (HSC) were mainly focused on middle caliber projectile (12.6–37 mm)
(Hanchak et al. 1992; Dancygier and Yankelevsky 1996; Dancygier 1998; O’Neil
et al. 1999; Luo et al. 2000; Liu et al. 2002; Zhang et al. 2007; Tai 2009; Wu et al.
2015a), the detailed review of these tests can be referred to Wu et al. (2015b), few
studies were conducted on the impact resistance of concrete targets against small
caliber arms.
For the bare concrete slabs, Almansa and Cánovas (1999) fired three types of
small arms (5.56, 7.62, 12.7 mm in diameter) impacting on normal and steel fiber
reinforced concrete panels (compressive strength of ~40 MPa) with thickness of 40–
200 mm. The ratio of kinetic energy loss of the bullet to the plate thickness was studied
and a model was proposed to predict the minimal thickness to avoid the perforation
or scabbing. They also qualitatively pointed out that adding fibers tends to reduce
the crater size while it has no significant effect on the target thickness necessary
to avoid perforation. Bludau et al. (2006) experimentally studied the influences of
coarse aggregate type (basalt, corundum, quartzite, recycled and boron glass), the
© Science Press 2021
Q. Fang et al., UHPCC Under Impact and Blast,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6842-2_6
163