Chapter 5
Projectile Penetrations into Coarse
Aggregated UHPCC Targets
5.1 Introduction
The cement based composites, such as high strength concrete (HSC) and the steel
fiber reinforced HSC (SFRHSC), are generally considered to be the proper materials
for both military and civil constructions, such as fortifications, nuclear containment
and other protective structures, which are designed to withstand the intentional and
accidental impact loadings caused by projectiles, fragments, etc. Investigations on the
projectile impact resistances of HSC and SFRHSC have been drawn much attentions
for both weapon designers and civil engineers in the past 20 years.
Based on the comparative projectile perforation tests on the normal strength
concrete (NSC, 48 MPa) and HSC (140 MPa) slabs, Hanchak et al. (1992) found that,
the three-fold increase in concrete compressive strength resulted in 20% decrease of
the residual velocities of the projectile after perforating the concrete slabs. Dancygier et al. (1996, 1998) experimentally studied the influences of different ductility
improvement approaches (steel fibers, small diameter steel wire mesh and woven
steel fence mesh of various diameters) on the impact resistance of the HSC targets
(95–100 MPa), where the projectile striking velocities ranged from 85 to 230 m/s. It
was found that adding the steel fibers was the most effective approach in reducing
the spalling and scabbing areas of both impacted and rear faces of the targets. Under
the strike of the projectile at 229–754 m/s, O’Neil et al. (1999) also found that the
DOP of the concrete target with a compressive strength of 157 MPa was approximately 50 and 30% less than that of the targets with a compressive strength of
35 MPa as well as 85–104 MPa, respectively. Additionally, the fibers did not significantly improve the penetration resistance, but prohibiting visible damage of the
concrete surrounding the penetration crater. Based on the projectile impact test on
SFRHSC at 364.9–378.3 m/s, Luo et al. (2000) found that the targets with the cubic
compressive strengths of 72.4 MPa exhibited smash failure, while the targets with the
cubic compressive strengths of 107.1–116.1 MPa remained intact with only several
radial cracks on the front surface and some minor cracks on the side face. Langberg
and Markeset (1999) derived that, although the penetration resistance of HSC was
© Science Press 2021
Q. Fang et al., UHPCC Under Impact and Blast,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6842-2_5
105
Projectile Penetrations into Coarse
Aggregated UHPCC Targets
5.1 Introduction
The cement based composites, such as high strength concrete (HSC) and the steel
fiber reinforced HSC (SFRHSC), are generally considered to be the proper materials
for both military and civil constructions, such as fortifications, nuclear containment
and other protective structures, which are designed to withstand the intentional and
accidental impact loadings caused by projectiles, fragments, etc. Investigations on the
projectile impact resistances of HSC and SFRHSC have been drawn much attentions
for both weapon designers and civil engineers in the past 20 years.
Based on the comparative projectile perforation tests on the normal strength
concrete (NSC, 48 MPa) and HSC (140 MPa) slabs, Hanchak et al. (1992) found that,
the three-fold increase in concrete compressive strength resulted in 20% decrease of
the residual velocities of the projectile after perforating the concrete slabs. Dancygier et al. (1996, 1998) experimentally studied the influences of different ductility
improvement approaches (steel fibers, small diameter steel wire mesh and woven
steel fence mesh of various diameters) on the impact resistance of the HSC targets
(95–100 MPa), where the projectile striking velocities ranged from 85 to 230 m/s. It
was found that adding the steel fibers was the most effective approach in reducing
the spalling and scabbing areas of both impacted and rear faces of the targets. Under
the strike of the projectile at 229–754 m/s, O’Neil et al. (1999) also found that the
DOP of the concrete target with a compressive strength of 157 MPa was approximately 50 and 30% less than that of the targets with a compressive strength of
35 MPa as well as 85–104 MPa, respectively. Additionally, the fibers did not significantly improve the penetration resistance, but prohibiting visible damage of the
concrete surrounding the penetration crater. Based on the projectile impact test on
SFRHSC at 364.9–378.3 m/s, Luo et al. (2000) found that the targets with the cubic
compressive strengths of 72.4 MPa exhibited smash failure, while the targets with the
cubic compressive strengths of 107.1–116.1 MPa remained intact with only several
radial cracks on the front surface and some minor cracks on the side face. Langberg
and Markeset (1999) derived that, although the penetration resistance of HSC was
© Science Press 2021
Q. Fang et al., UHPCC Under Impact and Blast,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6842-2_5
105