A Study on the Comparison Between
Activated TIG Variants on Weld Bead
Profile of P91 Steel. Part: 1
Purvesh K. Nanavati, Vishvesh J. Badheka, Solanki Darshan,
Idhariya Jaynish, Chintan Patel, and Maharshi Pandya
Abstract The present study compares the weld performance of the two variants
of activated tungsten inert gas welding (A-TIG) process known as, Flux Bonded
TIG (FB-TIG) process and Flux Zone TIG (FZ-TIG) process on modified 9Cr–
1Mo (P91) Steel. Bead-on-plate welding samples were prepared using TiO 2 flux
with FB-TIG and TiO 2 and ZnO flux combination was used in FZ-TIG process. For
systematic comparison, bead-on-plate welding samples were also prepared for ATIG and conventional, i.e. Normal TIG (N-TIG) process with the same set of process
parameters. Metallurgical characterization of all the bead-on-plate weld samples was
conducted using optical microscopy, and comparison of weld dimensions was made
amongst all the weld samples, prepared understudy. Experimental results showed
that the FZ-TIG variant had offered the highest depth of penetration (Dp) and least
bead width (Bw) and highest depth-to-width (Dw) ratio, compared to the rest of the
variants, which is desirable.
Keywords Activated tungsten inert gas welding (A-TIG) · Flux bonded TIG
(FB-TIG) · Flux zone TIG (FZ-TIG) · Modified 9Cr–1Mo (P91) steel · Flux ·
Depth/width ratio · Bead width · Depth of penetration
P. K. Nanavati (B)
Metallurgical Engineering Department, Government Engineering College, Sector-28,
Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382028, India
e-mail: pknanavati@gecg28.ac.in
V. J. Badheka
Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum
University, Raisan, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382007, India
e-mail: drvishvesh@gmail.com
S. Darshan · I. Jaynish · C. Patel
Manufacturing Engineering Program, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum
University, Raisan, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382007, India
e-mail: darshansmtmm19@sot.pdpu.ac.in
M. Pandya
Metallurgy Engineering Program, Government Engineering College, Sector-28, Gandhinagar,
Gujarat 382007, India
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
A. K. Parwani et al. (eds.), Recent Advances in Mechanical Infrastructure,
Lecture Notes in Intelligent Transportation and Infrastructure,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4176-0_6
67
Activated TIG Variants on Weld Bead
Profile of P91 Steel. Part: 1
Purvesh K. Nanavati, Vishvesh J. Badheka, Solanki Darshan,
Idhariya Jaynish, Chintan Patel, and Maharshi Pandya
Abstract The present study compares the weld performance of the two variants
of activated tungsten inert gas welding (A-TIG) process known as, Flux Bonded
TIG (FB-TIG) process and Flux Zone TIG (FZ-TIG) process on modified 9Cr–
1Mo (P91) Steel. Bead-on-plate welding samples were prepared using TiO 2 flux
with FB-TIG and TiO 2 and ZnO flux combination was used in FZ-TIG process. For
systematic comparison, bead-on-plate welding samples were also prepared for ATIG and conventional, i.e. Normal TIG (N-TIG) process with the same set of process
parameters. Metallurgical characterization of all the bead-on-plate weld samples was
conducted using optical microscopy, and comparison of weld dimensions was made
amongst all the weld samples, prepared understudy. Experimental results showed
that the FZ-TIG variant had offered the highest depth of penetration (Dp) and least
bead width (Bw) and highest depth-to-width (Dw) ratio, compared to the rest of the
variants, which is desirable.
Keywords Activated tungsten inert gas welding (A-TIG) · Flux bonded TIG
(FB-TIG) · Flux zone TIG (FZ-TIG) · Modified 9Cr–1Mo (P91) steel · Flux ·
Depth/width ratio · Bead width · Depth of penetration
P. K. Nanavati (B)
Metallurgical Engineering Department, Government Engineering College, Sector-28,
Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382028, India
e-mail: pknanavati@gecg28.ac.in
V. J. Badheka
Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum
University, Raisan, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382007, India
e-mail: drvishvesh@gmail.com
S. Darshan · I. Jaynish · C. Patel
Manufacturing Engineering Program, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum
University, Raisan, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382007, India
e-mail: darshansmtmm19@sot.pdpu.ac.in
M. Pandya
Metallurgy Engineering Program, Government Engineering College, Sector-28, Gandhinagar,
Gujarat 382007, India
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
A. K. Parwani et al. (eds.), Recent Advances in Mechanical Infrastructure,
Lecture Notes in Intelligent Transportation and Infrastructure,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4176-0_6
67