32
D. Shah and V. J. Badheka
FSAM technologies, especially Type 1 FSAM, show a high synergy with the
existing additive manufacturing techniques and high-grade hybrid technologies
can be developed. Distinctive advantages of FSAM coupled with other traditional
methods will be an ideal tool to achieve higher process and structure efficiency. These
technologies still have a lot of room to grow, and they fill the voids in the current AM
market. They are a valuable addition and an integral part of the metal AM family
and show promise to evolve into mainstream manufacturing.
References
1. Emmelmann C, Kranz J, Herzog D, Wycisk E (2013) Laser additive manufacturing of metals.
In: Schmidt V, Belegratis MR (eds) Laser technology in biomimetics. Springer, Heidelberg, p
p143e161
2. Herzog D, Seyda V, Wycisk E, Emmelmann C (2016) Additive manufacturing of metals. Acta
Mater 117:371–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.07.019
3. ASTM F2792 (2015) Standard terminology for additive manufacturing technologies. ASTM
International, USA
4. Kranz J, Herzog D, Emmelmann C (2015) Design guidelines for laser additive manufacturing
of lightweight structures in TiAl6V4. J Laser Appl 27:S14001. https://doi.org/10.2351/1.488
5235
5. Azam FI et al (2018) An in-depth review on direct additive manufacturing of metals. IOP Conf
Ser Mater Sci Eng 328:012005
6. Wohlers T (2012) Wohlers report: additive manufacturing and 3D printing state of the industry.
Annual worldwide progress report. Wohlers Associate Inc., Fort Collins, pp 1–287
7. Kruth JP, Leu MC, Nakagawa T (1998) Progress in additive manufacturing and rapid
prototyping. Ann ClRP 47:525–540
8. Kulkarni P, Marsan A, Dutta D (2000) A review of process planning techniques in layered
manufacturing. Rapid Prototyping J 6:18–35
9. Beaman JJ, Deckard CR (1990) Selective laser sintering with assisted powder handling. US
patent no. 4938816
10. Rannar LE, Glad A, Gustafson CG (2007) Efficient cooling with tool inserts manufactured by
electron beam melting. Rapid Prototyping J 13(3):128–135
11. Kruth JP, Vandenbroucke B, van Vaerenbergh J, Naert I (2005) Rapid manufacturing of dental
prostheses by means of selective laser sintering/melting. Proc AFPR S 4:176–186
12. Murr LE, Gaytan SM, Ramirez DA, Martinez E, Hernandez J, Amato KN, Shindo PW, Medina
FR, Wicker RB (2012) Metal fabrication by additive manufacturing using laser and electron
beam melting technologies. J Mater Sci Technol 28(1):1–14
13. Appleyard D (2015) Powering up on powder technology. Metal Powder Rep 70(6):285–289
14. Guo N, Leu MC (2013) Additive manufacturing: technology, applications and research needs.
Front Mech Eng 8:215–243
15. Gibson I, Rosen D, Stucker B (2015) Additive manufacturing technologies; 3D printing, rapid
prototyping, and direct digital manufacturing. Springer, New York, USA
16. Wong KV, Hernandez A (2012) A review of additive manufacturing. Int Sch Res Netw (ISRN)
Mech Eng 2012
17. Carroll BE, Palmer TA, Beese AM (2015) Anisotropic tensile behavior of Ti–6Al–4V
components fabricated with directed energy deposition additive manufacturing. Acta Mater
87:309–320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2014.12.054
18. King WE, Anderson AT, Ferencz RM, Hodge NE, Kamath C, Khairallah SA, Rubenchik AM
(2015) Laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing of metals; physics, computational, and
materials challenges. Appl Phys Rev 2(4):041304. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4937809
D. Shah and V. J. Badheka
FSAM technologies, especially Type 1 FSAM, show a high synergy with the
existing additive manufacturing techniques and high-grade hybrid technologies
can be developed. Distinctive advantages of FSAM coupled with other traditional
methods will be an ideal tool to achieve higher process and structure efficiency. These
technologies still have a lot of room to grow, and they fill the voids in the current AM
market. They are a valuable addition and an integral part of the metal AM family
and show promise to evolve into mainstream manufacturing.
References
1. Emmelmann C, Kranz J, Herzog D, Wycisk E (2013) Laser additive manufacturing of metals.
In: Schmidt V, Belegratis MR (eds) Laser technology in biomimetics. Springer, Heidelberg, p
p143e161
2. Herzog D, Seyda V, Wycisk E, Emmelmann C (2016) Additive manufacturing of metals. Acta
Mater 117:371–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.07.019
3. ASTM F2792 (2015) Standard terminology for additive manufacturing technologies. ASTM
International, USA
4. Kranz J, Herzog D, Emmelmann C (2015) Design guidelines for laser additive manufacturing
of lightweight structures in TiAl6V4. J Laser Appl 27:S14001. https://doi.org/10.2351/1.488
5235
5. Azam FI et al (2018) An in-depth review on direct additive manufacturing of metals. IOP Conf
Ser Mater Sci Eng 328:012005
6. Wohlers T (2012) Wohlers report: additive manufacturing and 3D printing state of the industry.
Annual worldwide progress report. Wohlers Associate Inc., Fort Collins, pp 1–287
7. Kruth JP, Leu MC, Nakagawa T (1998) Progress in additive manufacturing and rapid
prototyping. Ann ClRP 47:525–540
8. Kulkarni P, Marsan A, Dutta D (2000) A review of process planning techniques in layered
manufacturing. Rapid Prototyping J 6:18–35
9. Beaman JJ, Deckard CR (1990) Selective laser sintering with assisted powder handling. US
patent no. 4938816
10. Rannar LE, Glad A, Gustafson CG (2007) Efficient cooling with tool inserts manufactured by
electron beam melting. Rapid Prototyping J 13(3):128–135
11. Kruth JP, Vandenbroucke B, van Vaerenbergh J, Naert I (2005) Rapid manufacturing of dental
prostheses by means of selective laser sintering/melting. Proc AFPR S 4:176–186
12. Murr LE, Gaytan SM, Ramirez DA, Martinez E, Hernandez J, Amato KN, Shindo PW, Medina
FR, Wicker RB (2012) Metal fabrication by additive manufacturing using laser and electron
beam melting technologies. J Mater Sci Technol 28(1):1–14
13. Appleyard D (2015) Powering up on powder technology. Metal Powder Rep 70(6):285–289
14. Guo N, Leu MC (2013) Additive manufacturing: technology, applications and research needs.
Front Mech Eng 8:215–243
15. Gibson I, Rosen D, Stucker B (2015) Additive manufacturing technologies; 3D printing, rapid
prototyping, and direct digital manufacturing. Springer, New York, USA
16. Wong KV, Hernandez A (2012) A review of additive manufacturing. Int Sch Res Netw (ISRN)
Mech Eng 2012
17. Carroll BE, Palmer TA, Beese AM (2015) Anisotropic tensile behavior of Ti–6Al–4V
components fabricated with directed energy deposition additive manufacturing. Acta Mater
87:309–320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2014.12.054
18. King WE, Anderson AT, Ferencz RM, Hodge NE, Kamath C, Khairallah SA, Rubenchik AM
(2015) Laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing of metals; physics, computational, and
materials challenges. Appl Phys Rev 2(4):041304. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4937809