26
D. Shah and V. J. Badheka
5 Research in the Field of FSAM
Although this technique has been invented in 2004 by Dawn White, only recently
substantial research work has been published in this domain especially in the field of
FSAM Type 2. Unlike the other fields of solid-state techniques and additive manufacturing techniques, this field has very less amount of experimental work published.
The works of S. Palanivel and Rajiv Mishra are pioneers in the field of additive manufacturing through friction technologies. Table 1 categorizes notable research work in
this field according to the technologies used with a brief description for reference.
6 Conclusion
Friction stir-based technologies are the newest addition to the additive manufacturing
technologies, and there is a lot of unrealized potential. FSAM technology is still in
the developing phase and still is the potential solutions to various metal additive
manufacturing challenges.
A few key takeaways:
1. The structures fabricated through FSAM show greater mechanical properties as
compared to that of conventional techniques due to their ability to impart finer
microstructure and immunity to fusion-based defects. These properties can even
exceed the wrought properties of the alloy, and thus, FSAM can pave the way
for improvement in structural properties.
2. The additive nature of FSAM makes it much more vulnerable to welding defects
than other friction-based operations. If the defects are formed in the initial layers
of the process, they also affect the subsequent welds and can multiply. The defects
grow with compounding of layers on top of each other. Current research work
in the field of optimization of process parameters for FSAM is very limited,
and this data can vary for different materials and a different number of layers of
deposition as well.
3. FSAM has the capability to become the key technique for fabrication of highstrength multi-material structures efficiently. As discussed in the article, it overcomes the major obstacles in the production of multi-layer alloys and also creates
a way to numerous other avenues in the field of functionally graded composites.
4. Though this domain has experienced a myriad of innovative trends, numerous
research and development opportunities still lie unexplored. On a commercial
scale, it is advisable to exploit FSAM techniques like friction deposition which are
much more mature than its other counterparts. FSAM technologies are relatively
complex, have a compounded mechanism and vary vastly from process to process
as well as material to material. Without comprehensive research about each and
every aspect of the particular FSAM process, it should not be applied on an
industrial scale.
D. Shah and V. J. Badheka
5 Research in the Field of FSAM
Although this technique has been invented in 2004 by Dawn White, only recently
substantial research work has been published in this domain especially in the field of
FSAM Type 2. Unlike the other fields of solid-state techniques and additive manufacturing techniques, this field has very less amount of experimental work published.
The works of S. Palanivel and Rajiv Mishra are pioneers in the field of additive manufacturing through friction technologies. Table 1 categorizes notable research work in
this field according to the technologies used with a brief description for reference.
6 Conclusion
Friction stir-based technologies are the newest addition to the additive manufacturing
technologies, and there is a lot of unrealized potential. FSAM technology is still in
the developing phase and still is the potential solutions to various metal additive
manufacturing challenges.
A few key takeaways:
1. The structures fabricated through FSAM show greater mechanical properties as
compared to that of conventional techniques due to their ability to impart finer
microstructure and immunity to fusion-based defects. These properties can even
exceed the wrought properties of the alloy, and thus, FSAM can pave the way
for improvement in structural properties.
2. The additive nature of FSAM makes it much more vulnerable to welding defects
than other friction-based operations. If the defects are formed in the initial layers
of the process, they also affect the subsequent welds and can multiply. The defects
grow with compounding of layers on top of each other. Current research work
in the field of optimization of process parameters for FSAM is very limited,
and this data can vary for different materials and a different number of layers of
deposition as well.
3. FSAM has the capability to become the key technique for fabrication of highstrength multi-material structures efficiently. As discussed in the article, it overcomes the major obstacles in the production of multi-layer alloys and also creates
a way to numerous other avenues in the field of functionally graded composites.
4. Though this domain has experienced a myriad of innovative trends, numerous
research and development opportunities still lie unexplored. On a commercial
scale, it is advisable to exploit FSAM techniques like friction deposition which are
much more mature than its other counterparts. FSAM technologies are relatively
complex, have a compounded mechanism and vary vastly from process to process
as well as material to material. Without comprehensive research about each and
every aspect of the particular FSAM process, it should not be applied on an
industrial scale.