2.4 Virtual testing
27
Cox et al. [Cox08] established a schematic for virtual tests describing the interaction between the different components. This structure is illustrated in Figure 22. Here, the central column sums up typical hierarchical levels, which are linked by multiscale concepts.
The definition of scales, phenomena to be modelled and idealizations at each scale depend on the physics discovered in multiple types of specialized laboratory experiments
(right column). Lastly, there are different types of engineering tests, which provide data
for model calibration via inverse problem methods. This calibration is additionally supported by the laboratory experiments.
Figure 22 Structure and components of virtual tests according to Cox et al. [Cox08]
LLorca et al. [LLo13] suggested a local-to-global virtual testing strategy complemented
by virtual processing in order to account for relevant material aspects resulting from
manufacturing processes. The approaches of Ashby, Cox et al. and LLorca et al. originated from materials science and therefore implemented a multiscale hierarchy. The hierarchy based on structural complexity has evolved into the Building Block Approach
(BBA) [Mil03]. The building blocks are typically processed in a bottom up manner, while
it is assumed that the structural behavior at lower levels is directly transferable to specimens at higher levels of complexity. Each building block is characterized by a synergetic
combination of tests and simulations as well as supporting technologies, while there is
no standardized methodology for determining what tests and analyses are required in
the different building blocks or even what building blocks should be investigated in the
27
Cox et al. [Cox08] established a schematic for virtual tests describing the interaction between the different components. This structure is illustrated in Figure 22. Here, the central column sums up typical hierarchical levels, which are linked by multiscale concepts.
The definition of scales, phenomena to be modelled and idealizations at each scale depend on the physics discovered in multiple types of specialized laboratory experiments
(right column). Lastly, there are different types of engineering tests, which provide data
for model calibration via inverse problem methods. This calibration is additionally supported by the laboratory experiments.
Figure 22 Structure and components of virtual tests according to Cox et al. [Cox08]
LLorca et al. [LLo13] suggested a local-to-global virtual testing strategy complemented
by virtual processing in order to account for relevant material aspects resulting from
manufacturing processes. The approaches of Ashby, Cox et al. and LLorca et al. originated from materials science and therefore implemented a multiscale hierarchy. The hierarchy based on structural complexity has evolved into the Building Block Approach
(BBA) [Mil03]. The building blocks are typically processed in a bottom up manner, while
it is assumed that the structural behavior at lower levels is directly transferable to specimens at higher levels of complexity. Each building block is characterized by a synergetic
combination of tests and simulations as well as supporting technologies, while there is
no standardized methodology for determining what tests and analyses are required in
the different building blocks or even what building blocks should be investigated in the