284
P. Liu
Fig. 3.101 Free water jump and typical underflow energy dissipation
shown in Figs. 3.101, 3.102, 3.103, 3.104, 3.105). Sedimentation of rivers,
estuaries, and reservoirs may affect waterways or render existing works ineffective. These problems can be solved by studying hydraulics and sediment
movement. When constructing hydroelectric power stations and pumping
projects (as shown in Fig. 3.106), it is necessary to study the output of
hydraulic machinery, the conditions under which vibration occurs, and the
changes in characteristics during the opening and closing process, mainly to
prevent or reduce cavitation damage. These aspects are all applications of
hydraulics.
3.9.2 Ship Engineering
Due to the needs of shipbuilding technology, people already had a certain
understanding of ship mechanics in ancient times. The resistance encountered by a ship moving at a constant speed and acceleration and the safety
during navigation is always the most important issues in shipbuilding engineering. The propeller output (as shown in Fig. 3.107), wave resistance,
attachment quality, and airworthiness that have been studied for a long time
are all aimed at solving these problems. The innovation of shipbuilding technology, the emergence of hydrofoil and hovercraft (see hydrofoil, air cushion),
P. Liu
Fig. 3.101 Free water jump and typical underflow energy dissipation
shown in Figs. 3.101, 3.102, 3.103, 3.104, 3.105). Sedimentation of rivers,
estuaries, and reservoirs may affect waterways or render existing works ineffective. These problems can be solved by studying hydraulics and sediment
movement. When constructing hydroelectric power stations and pumping
projects (as shown in Fig. 3.106), it is necessary to study the output of
hydraulic machinery, the conditions under which vibration occurs, and the
changes in characteristics during the opening and closing process, mainly to
prevent or reduce cavitation damage. These aspects are all applications of
hydraulics.
3.9.2 Ship Engineering
Due to the needs of shipbuilding technology, people already had a certain
understanding of ship mechanics in ancient times. The resistance encountered by a ship moving at a constant speed and acceleration and the safety
during navigation is always the most important issues in shipbuilding engineering. The propeller output (as shown in Fig. 3.107), wave resistance,
attachment quality, and airworthiness that have been studied for a long time
are all aimed at solving these problems. The innovation of shipbuilding technology, the emergence of hydrofoil and hovercraft (see hydrofoil, air cushion),