2004 (Geim and Novoselov 2007). Graphene enables wireless communication
between nanosystems, because of its ability to support surface plasmon polariton
(SPP) in the terahertz frequency range (Cabellos-Aparicio et al. 2015). The main
difference between classical plasmonic antennas and graphene-based plasmonic
antennas is that SPP waves in graphene are observed at frequencies in the terahertz
band, for example, two orders of magnitude below SPP waves observed in gold and
other noble materials (Jornet and Akyildiz 2014). The SPP waves require less energy
making the communication between NMs feasible (Akyildiz et al. 2014).
3.7 Challenges
The main focus of nanosensor researchers from the comparative evaluation of
nanosensors and conventional based techniques to designing of commercially viable
sensors for its field application. Robust comparisons against traditional technologies
would also help address a related challenge, i.e., the substantial inertia involved in
encouraging professional analysts to replace older technologies with new methods, a
process that is surprisingly difficult even when the new methods promise significant
benefits.
Despite what could be regarded as a slow adoption of nanosensor technology into
the commercial space, nano-sensing is still a growing field with many exciting
possibilities for both the food industry and regulatory authorities. Undoubtedly,
many challenges need to be resolved for the effective commercialization of this
know-how. However, continued research and development and especially a renewed
focus on validation against more established detection methods will help solidify
nano-sensing potential role in making the world’s food supply healthier, safer, and –
possibly – more delicious.
Furthermore, with the development of lab-on-a-chip technique, the integration of
analyte onto a microfluidic chip to develop a biotic microelectromechanical system
would supply a new research aspect in the field of biosensors because such systems only
require minimal amounts of sample and provide good sensitivity in the detection of
analytes. Current methods of target immobilization on transducer have limitations which
affect cell viability as well as cell function. Physical adsorption suffers from poor
stability. A major disadvantage of immobilization is the additional diffusion resistance
caused by the entrapment material, which would result in a loss of sensitivity. As the
world becomes seriously concerned about the effect of food on public health and the
safety against biowar, the aforementioned prospects will be a breakthrough in targets
immobilization and identification in biosensor field. However, there are still several
challenges to overcome, which limit the progress of technology transfer and commercialization, mainly related to the difficulties in the integration of all the components into
a single portable platform. Yet, there is still a long road ahead for this emerging
technology to be fully adapted to a filed application.
3 Application of Nanobiosensors for Food Safety Monitoring
119
between nanosystems, because of its ability to support surface plasmon polariton
(SPP) in the terahertz frequency range (Cabellos-Aparicio et al. 2015). The main
difference between classical plasmonic antennas and graphene-based plasmonic
antennas is that SPP waves in graphene are observed at frequencies in the terahertz
band, for example, two orders of magnitude below SPP waves observed in gold and
other noble materials (Jornet and Akyildiz 2014). The SPP waves require less energy
making the communication between NMs feasible (Akyildiz et al. 2014).
3.7 Challenges
The main focus of nanosensor researchers from the comparative evaluation of
nanosensors and conventional based techniques to designing of commercially viable
sensors for its field application. Robust comparisons against traditional technologies
would also help address a related challenge, i.e., the substantial inertia involved in
encouraging professional analysts to replace older technologies with new methods, a
process that is surprisingly difficult even when the new methods promise significant
benefits.
Despite what could be regarded as a slow adoption of nanosensor technology into
the commercial space, nano-sensing is still a growing field with many exciting
possibilities for both the food industry and regulatory authorities. Undoubtedly,
many challenges need to be resolved for the effective commercialization of this
know-how. However, continued research and development and especially a renewed
focus on validation against more established detection methods will help solidify
nano-sensing potential role in making the world’s food supply healthier, safer, and –
possibly – more delicious.
Furthermore, with the development of lab-on-a-chip technique, the integration of
analyte onto a microfluidic chip to develop a biotic microelectromechanical system
would supply a new research aspect in the field of biosensors because such systems only
require minimal amounts of sample and provide good sensitivity in the detection of
analytes. Current methods of target immobilization on transducer have limitations which
affect cell viability as well as cell function. Physical adsorption suffers from poor
stability. A major disadvantage of immobilization is the additional diffusion resistance
caused by the entrapment material, which would result in a loss of sensitivity. As the
world becomes seriously concerned about the effect of food on public health and the
safety against biowar, the aforementioned prospects will be a breakthrough in targets
immobilization and identification in biosensor field. However, there are still several
challenges to overcome, which limit the progress of technology transfer and commercialization, mainly related to the difficulties in the integration of all the components into
a single portable platform. Yet, there is still a long road ahead for this emerging
technology to be fully adapted to a filed application.
3 Application of Nanobiosensors for Food Safety Monitoring
119