vi
The 2030 agenda moves on from their targeted action bound programs on a wide
array of interlinked developmental concerns.
The 2030 development agenda revolves around the concept of sustainability and
also takes a comprehensive system view about the developmental paradigms.
Embedded in the concept of sustainability is the idea of striking a balance between
meaningful economic growth, environmental well-being, and social justice. Thus,
the 17 SDGs are not directed to arrive at a trade-off between competing claims
related to progress from multiple ideological standpoints. Rather, they are crossTable 1 The Millennium Development Goals and the Sustainable Development Goals
Millennium Development
Goals
Sustainable Development Goals
MDG1: Eradicate extreme
poverty and hunger
SDG 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere
MDG 2: Achieve universal
primary education
SDG 2. End hunger achieve food security and improved nutrition
MDG 3: Promote gender
equality and empower
women
SDG 3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all
ages
MDG 4: Reduce child
mortality
SDG 4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education
MDG 5: Improve maternal
health
SDG 5. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and
girls
MDG 6: Combat HIV/AIDS
and other diseases
SDG 6. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water
and sanitation for all
MDG 7: Ensure
environmental sustainability
SDG 7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and
modern energy for all
MDG 8: Develop a global
partnership for development
SDG 8. Promote sustained, inclusive, and sustainable economic
growth, full and productive employment, and decent work
SDG 9. Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and
sustainable industrialization, and foster innovation
SDG 10. Reduce inequality within and among countries
SDG 11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe,
resilient, and sustainable
SDG 12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
SDG 13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its
impacts
SDG 14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas, and
marine resources for sustainable development
SDG 15. Protect, restore, and promote sustainable use of
terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat
desertification, and halt biodiversity loss
SDG 16. Peace, justice, and strong institutions promote peaceful
and inclusive societies for sustainable development
SDG 17. Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize
the global partnership for sustainable development
Source: prepared by authors based on open-source data available under UN
Preface
The 2030 agenda moves on from their targeted action bound programs on a wide
array of interlinked developmental concerns.
The 2030 development agenda revolves around the concept of sustainability and
also takes a comprehensive system view about the developmental paradigms.
Embedded in the concept of sustainability is the idea of striking a balance between
meaningful economic growth, environmental well-being, and social justice. Thus,
the 17 SDGs are not directed to arrive at a trade-off between competing claims
related to progress from multiple ideological standpoints. Rather, they are crossTable 1 The Millennium Development Goals and the Sustainable Development Goals
Millennium Development
Goals
Sustainable Development Goals
MDG1: Eradicate extreme
poverty and hunger
SDG 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere
MDG 2: Achieve universal
primary education
SDG 2. End hunger achieve food security and improved nutrition
MDG 3: Promote gender
equality and empower
women
SDG 3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all
ages
MDG 4: Reduce child
mortality
SDG 4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education
MDG 5: Improve maternal
health
SDG 5. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and
girls
MDG 6: Combat HIV/AIDS
and other diseases
SDG 6. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water
and sanitation for all
MDG 7: Ensure
environmental sustainability
SDG 7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and
modern energy for all
MDG 8: Develop a global
partnership for development
SDG 8. Promote sustained, inclusive, and sustainable economic
growth, full and productive employment, and decent work
SDG 9. Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and
sustainable industrialization, and foster innovation
SDG 10. Reduce inequality within and among countries
SDG 11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe,
resilient, and sustainable
SDG 12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
SDG 13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its
impacts
SDG 14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas, and
marine resources for sustainable development
SDG 15. Protect, restore, and promote sustainable use of
terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat
desertification, and halt biodiversity loss
SDG 16. Peace, justice, and strong institutions promote peaceful
and inclusive societies for sustainable development
SDG 17. Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize
the global partnership for sustainable development
Source: prepared by authors based on open-source data available under UN
Preface