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nity resilience and balance are to be achieved. This “entrepreneurship for community wellbeing” approach combines and goes beyond both traditional
pure-profit-maximising entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship (Zahra et al.
2014). It includes them by fostering both in a community but also goes beyond them
to consider the interaction between and goal pursuit of multiple components of
wellbeing, not just economic or social. By taking a portfolio approach to entrepreneurship at the community level, it forces deeper consideration of how different
entrepreneurial initiatives not only contribute to wellbeing but how they interact
with each other in positive or negative ways, thus pushing for that analysis which
maximises overall community wellbeing (Lichtenstein and Lyons 2010).
13.3 Methodology
As wellbeing is a new way to evaluate different approaches to community development, it is important to more closely examine how different approaches to community development – industry-centred versus entrepreneurship – achieve or not
achieve community wellbeing. Case studies would permit deep interrogation of
locals to canvass their subjective perceptions of how these different strategies impact
their wellbeing across eight components (Eisenhardt 1989; Yin 2003). We are interested in hearing the perspectives and evaluations of various stakeholders in order to
form a composite picture of the links between sustainable community development
strategies and community wellbeing. Case studies offer this multi-stakeholder
access and investigation (Eisenhardt 1989). Moreover, case studies will permit a
longitudinal perspective to take into account long-term wellbeing.
We undertook a qualitative comparative case study of two mining towns in
Colombia. The latter is an appropriate sample because of the granularity of analysis
possible at the local level in the mining areas of the country that have gone through
resource extraction and emerging entrepreneurship. Colombia has a fraught history
of internal political conflict with weakened governance structures that have escalated local struggles like civil conflict and poverty. Nevertheless, the country has
experienced escalating mining growth over the last three decades. Colombia is the
main producer of coal in Latin America and the twelfth largest globally, the third
major producer of nickel after Cuba and the Dominican Republic.
13.3.1 Case Studies
Our two comparative case studies occurred in the regions of Antioquia and Risaralda.
We chose these case study regions because they appeared to follow different paths to
sustainable community development. Antioquia pursued an industry-centric development approach based around mining, while Risaralda was more conscious of diversity
and encouraged entrepreneurship, business diversity and community resilience while
also pursuing mining. The two cases thus adopted a different attitude and development
13 SDG 12 Responsible Consumption and Production
nity resilience and balance are to be achieved. This “entrepreneurship for community wellbeing” approach combines and goes beyond both traditional
pure-profit-maximising entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship (Zahra et al.
2014). It includes them by fostering both in a community but also goes beyond them
to consider the interaction between and goal pursuit of multiple components of
wellbeing, not just economic or social. By taking a portfolio approach to entrepreneurship at the community level, it forces deeper consideration of how different
entrepreneurial initiatives not only contribute to wellbeing but how they interact
with each other in positive or negative ways, thus pushing for that analysis which
maximises overall community wellbeing (Lichtenstein and Lyons 2010).
13.3 Methodology
As wellbeing is a new way to evaluate different approaches to community development, it is important to more closely examine how different approaches to community development – industry-centred versus entrepreneurship – achieve or not
achieve community wellbeing. Case studies would permit deep interrogation of
locals to canvass their subjective perceptions of how these different strategies impact
their wellbeing across eight components (Eisenhardt 1989; Yin 2003). We are interested in hearing the perspectives and evaluations of various stakeholders in order to
form a composite picture of the links between sustainable community development
strategies and community wellbeing. Case studies offer this multi-stakeholder
access and investigation (Eisenhardt 1989). Moreover, case studies will permit a
longitudinal perspective to take into account long-term wellbeing.
We undertook a qualitative comparative case study of two mining towns in
Colombia. The latter is an appropriate sample because of the granularity of analysis
possible at the local level in the mining areas of the country that have gone through
resource extraction and emerging entrepreneurship. Colombia has a fraught history
of internal political conflict with weakened governance structures that have escalated local struggles like civil conflict and poverty. Nevertheless, the country has
experienced escalating mining growth over the last three decades. Colombia is the
main producer of coal in Latin America and the twelfth largest globally, the third
major producer of nickel after Cuba and the Dominican Republic.
13.3.1 Case Studies
Our two comparative case studies occurred in the regions of Antioquia and Risaralda.
We chose these case study regions because they appeared to follow different paths to
sustainable community development. Antioquia pursued an industry-centric development approach based around mining, while Risaralda was more conscious of diversity
and encouraged entrepreneurship, business diversity and community resilience while
also pursuing mining. The two cases thus adopted a different attitude and development
13 SDG 12 Responsible Consumption and Production