452
D. C. Diaconu
Special vegetation is fixed in the sandy soils (Tragus racemosus, Cynodon dactylon, etc.). The most important aquatic associations are Myriophyllo-nupharetum,
Hydrocharitetum morsus-ranae, especially located on canals and lakes; SalvinioSpirodeletum polyrrizae, in the water from the marshes with a reed, and Trapetum
natansis, in deep waters, together with Lemna minor, Potamogeton perfoliatus, Potamogeton crispus, Potamogeton luncens, Potamogeton pectinatus. There have also
been introduced hydrodynamic features of the soil, characteristic for the 5 classes
identified as share and presented on the soil map: chernozems, luvisols, gleysol,
wetlands and areas covered in water all year round (Fig. 13.8) [40].
The Danube sector between Harsova and Braila, a section with a length of 83 km,
shows an average slope of the water surface of 0.02‰, which represents a decrease of
the Danube water’s share by 2 cm/km. The hydrological model used to estimate the
hydrological potential is a physical model, which calculates the discharge from the
available data (e.g. climate, soil, vegetation, land management practices) and allows
the study of short and long term impact, and data processing continuously. SWAT
simulates hydrology using a water balance equation that allows estimation of water
budget and hydrographic flow potential. ArcSWAT, which is the GIS interface for
SWAT, was used in this study. ArcSWAT requires information on topography, soils,
land use, slope categories, and weather data from the study region. Actual data was
gathered to calibrate and validate the SWAT for the study area, resulting in a series
of specific maps (Figs. 13.5, 13.6, 13.7, 13.8 and 13.9).
13.3 Methods
Hydrological modeling is a method that employs an array of interconnected environmental variables with associated mathematical equations to model a hydrological
process within an area over a period of time.
The SWAT model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) is a public model jointly
developed by USDA Agricultural Research Service and Texas A&M AgriLife
Research. SWAT is a physically-based, spatially-distributed model which can simulate the effects of soil, vegetation, and topography on the movement of water at and
near the land surface [41].
Four required variables were used to run the SWAT model: digital elevation model
(DEM), land cover raster, soil raster and meteorological data. These variables were
entered into ArcSWAT, which is an ArcGIS interface for the SWAT model.
13.4 Applications of the Liquid Leak Study
Mediterranean Europe benefits from extensive experience and the ability to fight
forest fires, but the same can’t be said for the northeastern part of Europe. This region
is not properly prepared for such large fires, the intervention in such situations having
D. C. Diaconu
Special vegetation is fixed in the sandy soils (Tragus racemosus, Cynodon dactylon, etc.). The most important aquatic associations are Myriophyllo-nupharetum,
Hydrocharitetum morsus-ranae, especially located on canals and lakes; SalvinioSpirodeletum polyrrizae, in the water from the marshes with a reed, and Trapetum
natansis, in deep waters, together with Lemna minor, Potamogeton perfoliatus, Potamogeton crispus, Potamogeton luncens, Potamogeton pectinatus. There have also
been introduced hydrodynamic features of the soil, characteristic for the 5 classes
identified as share and presented on the soil map: chernozems, luvisols, gleysol,
wetlands and areas covered in water all year round (Fig. 13.8) [40].
The Danube sector between Harsova and Braila, a section with a length of 83 km,
shows an average slope of the water surface of 0.02‰, which represents a decrease of
the Danube water’s share by 2 cm/km. The hydrological model used to estimate the
hydrological potential is a physical model, which calculates the discharge from the
available data (e.g. climate, soil, vegetation, land management practices) and allows
the study of short and long term impact, and data processing continuously. SWAT
simulates hydrology using a water balance equation that allows estimation of water
budget and hydrographic flow potential. ArcSWAT, which is the GIS interface for
SWAT, was used in this study. ArcSWAT requires information on topography, soils,
land use, slope categories, and weather data from the study region. Actual data was
gathered to calibrate and validate the SWAT for the study area, resulting in a series
of specific maps (Figs. 13.5, 13.6, 13.7, 13.8 and 13.9).
13.3 Methods
Hydrological modeling is a method that employs an array of interconnected environmental variables with associated mathematical equations to model a hydrological
process within an area over a period of time.
The SWAT model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) is a public model jointly
developed by USDA Agricultural Research Service and Texas A&M AgriLife
Research. SWAT is a physically-based, spatially-distributed model which can simulate the effects of soil, vegetation, and topography on the movement of water at and
near the land surface [41].
Four required variables were used to run the SWAT model: digital elevation model
(DEM), land cover raster, soil raster and meteorological data. These variables were
entered into ArcSWAT, which is an ArcGIS interface for the SWAT model.
13.4 Applications of the Liquid Leak Study
Mediterranean Europe benefits from extensive experience and the ability to fight
forest fires, but the same can’t be said for the northeastern part of Europe. This region
is not properly prepared for such large fires, the intervention in such situations having