438
D. C. Diaconu
Climatic variability at a large space-time scale, faces vegetation to be in some
regions subject to a strong stress that leads to increased flammability [5, 6]. The
humidity of vegetal fuel in dry time intervals is closely related to water flows [7, 8].
There is a growing need to apply a centralized/ decentralized solution to disaster
management as it develops a scientific approach to help make decisions before,
during and after a disaster [9].
In this context, the assessment of the impact of fires and their methods of prevention is required in the activity of managing the fire fires [10].
An important issue of fire management is to decide when and how to intervene
so that the loss is minimal. This problem has been studied by several researchers
from a centralized perspective, taking into account various assumptions in its formulation and different methods of solution, e.g. simulation and stochastic approach to
programming a whole firefighting program [11].
Our objectives are to determine how to intervene on fire and to provide the necessary equipment and water supplies in a scenario with a limited number of specialized
personnel and equipment.
The modelling of hydrological processes has the role of predicting their response
to the changes induced by human society as well as due to the global changes in the
environment. The quantity and dynamics of liquid and sludge leakage, as a result of
hydrological processes occurring within a river basin, influence water management
activities that need to identify measures of dealing with multiple hydrological risks
(floods, droughts). It is, therefore, necessary to achieve a sustainable management of
water resources in a changing environment, based on the forecast of water resource
dynamics and the associated risk assessment as well as the evolution of habitats
[12–15].
The Small Braila Wetlands have a free flooding regime appearing as a largely
aquatic area, where there is no strict delimitation between land and water, apart from
the highest diking representing positive landforms [16–21]. The entire Small Wetlands is crossed over by streams and natural levees, that connect the Danube channels,
but also lakes, moors, puddles. Due to the hydrographical nature of the variability
of the water levels, the area of negative and positive landforms also varies, and the
delimitation of hydrographic sub-basins becomes more challenging to achieve. In
spring, after freshets, when the water levels are high, the low embankments are covered by water, and the small lakes connect. After the seasons with little rainfall,
when the water level falls, the morpho-hydrographical configuration is different: the
embankments rise, the small backwaters, creeks, small lakes dry up, and the area
becomes marshy [22–27].
13.2 Study Area
The Small Island of Braila is located in the Calarasi-Patlageanca sector of the Lower
Danube, 365 km long, and more precisely in the Calarasi-Braila sub-sector (195 km
long). In this sub-sector, due to the low slope of only 0.02–0.04‰, the Danube makes
D. C. Diaconu
Climatic variability at a large space-time scale, faces vegetation to be in some
regions subject to a strong stress that leads to increased flammability [5, 6]. The
humidity of vegetal fuel in dry time intervals is closely related to water flows [7, 8].
There is a growing need to apply a centralized/ decentralized solution to disaster
management as it develops a scientific approach to help make decisions before,
during and after a disaster [9].
In this context, the assessment of the impact of fires and their methods of prevention is required in the activity of managing the fire fires [10].
An important issue of fire management is to decide when and how to intervene
so that the loss is minimal. This problem has been studied by several researchers
from a centralized perspective, taking into account various assumptions in its formulation and different methods of solution, e.g. simulation and stochastic approach to
programming a whole firefighting program [11].
Our objectives are to determine how to intervene on fire and to provide the necessary equipment and water supplies in a scenario with a limited number of specialized
personnel and equipment.
The modelling of hydrological processes has the role of predicting their response
to the changes induced by human society as well as due to the global changes in the
environment. The quantity and dynamics of liquid and sludge leakage, as a result of
hydrological processes occurring within a river basin, influence water management
activities that need to identify measures of dealing with multiple hydrological risks
(floods, droughts). It is, therefore, necessary to achieve a sustainable management of
water resources in a changing environment, based on the forecast of water resource
dynamics and the associated risk assessment as well as the evolution of habitats
[12–15].
The Small Braila Wetlands have a free flooding regime appearing as a largely
aquatic area, where there is no strict delimitation between land and water, apart from
the highest diking representing positive landforms [16–21]. The entire Small Wetlands is crossed over by streams and natural levees, that connect the Danube channels,
but also lakes, moors, puddles. Due to the hydrographical nature of the variability
of the water levels, the area of negative and positive landforms also varies, and the
delimitation of hydrographic sub-basins becomes more challenging to achieve. In
spring, after freshets, when the water levels are high, the low embankments are covered by water, and the small lakes connect. After the seasons with little rainfall,
when the water level falls, the morpho-hydrographical configuration is different: the
embankments rise, the small backwaters, creeks, small lakes dry up, and the area
becomes marshy [22–27].
13.2 Study Area
The Small Island of Braila is located in the Calarasi-Patlageanca sector of the Lower
Danube, 365 km long, and more precisely in the Calarasi-Braila sub-sector (195 km
long). In this sub-sector, due to the low slope of only 0.02–0.04‰, the Danube makes