12 Water Resources from Romanian Upper Tisa Basin
397
rivers contribute in a less measure to the development of the basin, because of the
existence of the andesitic massif of Ignis , Mountains in the south (Fig. 12.2).
Besides, from the two watercourses, only Vis , eu river displays similar mountain
features like the Ukrainian rivers because Iza collects a good percent of its discharge
from the median hilly zone of Maramures , ’ Basin. Only his left affluent, Mara river,
brings a share from the mountain area, though influenced by the hydrotechnical
facilities [41] (Fig. 12.2).
In contrast with the Ukrainian side of the basin, which has a larger opening to the
Pannonic Basin, the Romanian part is opened only to the north-west. Towards west
and south this side is closed by the Neogene volcanic chain of the Oas , -Gutâi-T , ibles ,
mountains (Fig. 12.1).
The western part of the studied area is defined by different patterns, due to the large
opening of Tur catchment towards Pannonic Plain, and by this to the more humid air
masses of oceanic origin form Western Europe. The eastern part of Tur catchment
(Oas , Depression) is a genuine “gathering water place”, with a torrential pattern,
morphologically organized under the influence of nearby volcanic mountains, which
has closed the area, on a large length of its circumference, towards north, east, south
and partially on north-west (Fig. 12.2).
Otherwise, the water resource records here a different spatial distribution, compared to the Maramures , Depression, but also some important differences from the
point of view of quantity and quality.
12.1.3 The Hydrometric Monitoring Network
As a basin space with a strong asymmetric character (the Vis , eu river on the right
and Iza on the left), which drains the slopes with high humidity and with an almost
unitary value for circularity degree, the area of the study has been monitored from a
hydrometric and pluviometric point of view since the middle of the 20th century, with
the purpose of water management and control of the hazardous hydric phenomena.
The Tisa River, the main collector, fell under the incidence of complex monitoring
only after 2000 (before this year only the water level was tracked at the hydrometric station of Sighetu Marmatiei), when the bases of the cross-border cooperation
between Romania and Ukraine were laid in this field [41].
Currently, for the Tisa collector (at the entrance on the Romanian territory and
in the urban zone of Sighetu Marmatiei), and as well as for the other two important
rivers of Maramures , —Vis , eu and Iza, stations for hydric and weather monitoring
were organised in key areas. They were placed either in flow formation areas (upper
basins) or in water gathering areas (after important confluences with different large
tributaries). The quality of the river monitoring, the efficiency of the forecasts and
of the population mobilization in emergency situations has increased proportionally
with general implementation of flood warning levels on rivers and their afferent alert
codes (Fig. 12.3).
1
1 Records of S.T.W.B.A. (“Somes , -Tisa” Water Basin Administration—in Romanian).
397
rivers contribute in a less measure to the development of the basin, because of the
existence of the andesitic massif of Ignis , Mountains in the south (Fig. 12.2).
Besides, from the two watercourses, only Vis , eu river displays similar mountain
features like the Ukrainian rivers because Iza collects a good percent of its discharge
from the median hilly zone of Maramures , ’ Basin. Only his left affluent, Mara river,
brings a share from the mountain area, though influenced by the hydrotechnical
facilities [41] (Fig. 12.2).
In contrast with the Ukrainian side of the basin, which has a larger opening to the
Pannonic Basin, the Romanian part is opened only to the north-west. Towards west
and south this side is closed by the Neogene volcanic chain of the Oas , -Gutâi-T , ibles ,
mountains (Fig. 12.1).
The western part of the studied area is defined by different patterns, due to the large
opening of Tur catchment towards Pannonic Plain, and by this to the more humid air
masses of oceanic origin form Western Europe. The eastern part of Tur catchment
(Oas , Depression) is a genuine “gathering water place”, with a torrential pattern,
morphologically organized under the influence of nearby volcanic mountains, which
has closed the area, on a large length of its circumference, towards north, east, south
and partially on north-west (Fig. 12.2).
Otherwise, the water resource records here a different spatial distribution, compared to the Maramures , Depression, but also some important differences from the
point of view of quantity and quality.
12.1.3 The Hydrometric Monitoring Network
As a basin space with a strong asymmetric character (the Vis , eu river on the right
and Iza on the left), which drains the slopes with high humidity and with an almost
unitary value for circularity degree, the area of the study has been monitored from a
hydrometric and pluviometric point of view since the middle of the 20th century, with
the purpose of water management and control of the hazardous hydric phenomena.
The Tisa River, the main collector, fell under the incidence of complex monitoring
only after 2000 (before this year only the water level was tracked at the hydrometric station of Sighetu Marmatiei), when the bases of the cross-border cooperation
between Romania and Ukraine were laid in this field [41].
Currently, for the Tisa collector (at the entrance on the Romanian territory and
in the urban zone of Sighetu Marmatiei), and as well as for the other two important
rivers of Maramures , —Vis , eu and Iza, stations for hydric and weather monitoring
were organised in key areas. They were placed either in flow formation areas (upper
basins) or in water gathering areas (after important confluences with different large
tributaries). The quality of the river monitoring, the efficiency of the forecasts and
of the population mobilization in emergency situations has increased proportionally
with general implementation of flood warning levels on rivers and their afferent alert
codes (Fig. 12.3).
1
1 Records of S.T.W.B.A. (“Somes , -Tisa” Water Basin Administration—in Romanian).