284
D. Peptenatu et al.
9.2 Study Area
The researches focused on the pressure exerted on the forest fund by deforestation
and the impact on the frequency of floods in Romania. To highlight the relationship,
detailed analyzes were carried out on the main mountain groups, where deforestation
has generated a clear increase on the frequency of floods.
9.3 Methods
The information on the territorial administrative units with the largest deforested
forest areas was obtained by creating a statistical database. This was based on the
extraction of time-series of 654178 Landsat 7 ETM+ satellite images, characterizing
areas covered with forests and changes that took place from 2000 to 2016 [92]. The
original raster was converted to Stereo 70 projection, cutting the image corresponding
to the administrative boundaries of Romania. After redesigning the original file, using
the ArcGIS 9.3 platform, the Raster image has been converted into a point vectorial
file, the area represented by it is 741,941 m, with all 12 classes corresponding to the
period 2000–2016.
To quantify areas at the local level, a spatial join was made for each administrativeterritorial unit, the newly created file containing the attribute table, including the
column that sums the pixels in each administrative-territorial unit. By multiplying
the number of pixels, existing within each of the latter, with the surface of each pixel,
the deforested areas were obtained for each administrative-territorial unit.
Considering the concentration of forests in the mountain area (Fig. 9.1), detailed
analyzes were carried out at mountain group level, except the Poiana Rusc˘ a, where
the deforested areas are smaller.
In hydrology, the correct assessment of the hazard to which an area is subjected,
is called as flood frequency analysis (FFA). A rather abundant literature [93], was
published on the development and comparison of different methods of frequency
analysis, to estimate the highest intensity and frequency of floods. The presence or
absence of extreme events during the observation period makes it difficult to assess
the occurrence of this extreme phenomenon in some river basins.
For this reason, alternative approaches have emerged. They are based on enriching the data set with another source of information. These approaches remain purely
statistical. On the other hand, it is possible to use a more accurate approach based
on the hydrological process. In this case, information on rainfall recorded on the
basin is used. The main idea of the study is to use the statistical properties of precipitation and information on the precipitation flow in liquid leakage on the slopes.
The rationalization of deforested areas and localities where floods occur, can provide
information for decision-making in integrated water resource management. Indeed,
many countries have developed their methodology to unify the techniques used by
various flood risk practitioners (United Kingdom [94, 95], Spain [96], USA [97, 98],
Australia [99, 100], and a number of European countries [101] (Fig. 9.2).
D. Peptenatu et al.
9.2 Study Area
The researches focused on the pressure exerted on the forest fund by deforestation
and the impact on the frequency of floods in Romania. To highlight the relationship,
detailed analyzes were carried out on the main mountain groups, where deforestation
has generated a clear increase on the frequency of floods.
9.3 Methods
The information on the territorial administrative units with the largest deforested
forest areas was obtained by creating a statistical database. This was based on the
extraction of time-series of 654178 Landsat 7 ETM+ satellite images, characterizing
areas covered with forests and changes that took place from 2000 to 2016 [92]. The
original raster was converted to Stereo 70 projection, cutting the image corresponding
to the administrative boundaries of Romania. After redesigning the original file, using
the ArcGIS 9.3 platform, the Raster image has been converted into a point vectorial
file, the area represented by it is 741,941 m, with all 12 classes corresponding to the
period 2000–2016.
To quantify areas at the local level, a spatial join was made for each administrativeterritorial unit, the newly created file containing the attribute table, including the
column that sums the pixels in each administrative-territorial unit. By multiplying
the number of pixels, existing within each of the latter, with the surface of each pixel,
the deforested areas were obtained for each administrative-territorial unit.
Considering the concentration of forests in the mountain area (Fig. 9.1), detailed
analyzes were carried out at mountain group level, except the Poiana Rusc˘ a, where
the deforested areas are smaller.
In hydrology, the correct assessment of the hazard to which an area is subjected,
is called as flood frequency analysis (FFA). A rather abundant literature [93], was
published on the development and comparison of different methods of frequency
analysis, to estimate the highest intensity and frequency of floods. The presence or
absence of extreme events during the observation period makes it difficult to assess
the occurrence of this extreme phenomenon in some river basins.
For this reason, alternative approaches have emerged. They are based on enriching the data set with another source of information. These approaches remain purely
statistical. On the other hand, it is possible to use a more accurate approach based
on the hydrological process. In this case, information on rainfall recorded on the
basin is used. The main idea of the study is to use the statistical properties of precipitation and information on the precipitation flow in liquid leakage on the slopes.
The rationalization of deforested areas and localities where floods occur, can provide
information for decision-making in integrated water resource management. Indeed,
many countries have developed their methodology to unify the techniques used by
various flood risk practitioners (United Kingdom [94, 95], Spain [96], USA [97, 98],
Australia [99, 100], and a number of European countries [101] (Fig. 9.2).