12
A. M. Negm et al.
Chapter 15 indicates that the regional climate is increasingly unpredictable, and
the hydrological risk events (droughts and tidal waves) occur more frequently. In
this case, infrastructures capable of water intake are required (either to compensate for the drought periods or to mitigate floods). For the past 25 years, drought
periods have increased in length and severity, though, the mean amount of precipitations has augmented. The drought recorded in the autumn of the year 2011 and the
spring of the year 2012 entailed a drastic reduction in power production provided
by hydropower plants, reasons for which the company Hidroelectrica S.A. became
unable to distribute power to beneficiaries. Hidroelectrica S.A. declared insolvency
and made a change in the Energetic Strategy of Romania for the period between the
years 2011–2035. In this case, there is the possibility of compromising the objectives assumed by Romania according to Annex I of the Directive, 2009/28/EC, which
stipulates that the objective set for Romania for the year 2020, is to get 24% of the
energy from renewable sources. Authorities are allowed to construct hydropower
plants with an installed capacity of 1400 MW by the year 2035 when the national
hydroelectric power potential will have been used up by 67% (59% by the year 2020).
In such a scenario, the Hidroelectrica S.A. will consider increasing by 2035 the production capacity from 17.33 TWh (in a normal hydrological year) to 32.20 TWh.
Several future projects aim to raise the capacity by 7.99 TWh. These include the
2.28 TWh representing ongoing projects that are to be finalized by 2015 (according to the Development Strategy of Hidroelectrica S.A.), a number of units on the
Danube (totalling 4.66 TWh), and others with a micro-potential of 2.22 TWh.
To sum up, the proved that the drought recorded in the autumn of the year 2011,
and in the spring of the year 2012, entailed a drastic reduction in power production
provided by the hydropower plants and triggered an energy crisis at the level of
entire Romania. Therefore, in the National Strategic Energy Project from the period
2020–2035 it is important to take into account scenarios similar to those produced by
the hydrological drought in 2011–2012. Also it is necessary to increase the production
capacity such that until 2035 the national hydroelectric power potential to be used
at over 65%.
In Chap. 16, the authors organize in a concentrated way the very complex and
extended thematic of Apuseni Mountains water resource. Being the pole of precipitations in Romania, this mountainous area represents a veritable natural obstacle
against the air masses and a barrier for Transylvanian road and railway infrastructure. The petrographic composite is one of the most complex in Carpathian area,
practically a mosaic of rocks, from the volcanic and metamorphic rocks who built
the heart of this space, to limestones and sandstones who comes to complicate this
mountainous structure. This substrate represents the adequate structure for a very
important land surface drainage of the water and less for the groundwater accumulation. A big difference can be observed between the western and eastern slopes of the
Apuseni Mountains. On the western slopes, the quantities of precipitations exceed
easily 1000 mm when on the eastern slope this represents only over 700 mm. The
liquid runoff follows this trend and presents the same discrepance: 800–900 mm
versus 300–600 mm. Among the various parameters, used to emphasize the resource
of water in a territory the volume of average flow, the average drained layer, etc. have
A. M. Negm et al.
Chapter 15 indicates that the regional climate is increasingly unpredictable, and
the hydrological risk events (droughts and tidal waves) occur more frequently. In
this case, infrastructures capable of water intake are required (either to compensate for the drought periods or to mitigate floods). For the past 25 years, drought
periods have increased in length and severity, though, the mean amount of precipitations has augmented. The drought recorded in the autumn of the year 2011 and the
spring of the year 2012 entailed a drastic reduction in power production provided
by hydropower plants, reasons for which the company Hidroelectrica S.A. became
unable to distribute power to beneficiaries. Hidroelectrica S.A. declared insolvency
and made a change in the Energetic Strategy of Romania for the period between the
years 2011–2035. In this case, there is the possibility of compromising the objectives assumed by Romania according to Annex I of the Directive, 2009/28/EC, which
stipulates that the objective set for Romania for the year 2020, is to get 24% of the
energy from renewable sources. Authorities are allowed to construct hydropower
plants with an installed capacity of 1400 MW by the year 2035 when the national
hydroelectric power potential will have been used up by 67% (59% by the year 2020).
In such a scenario, the Hidroelectrica S.A. will consider increasing by 2035 the production capacity from 17.33 TWh (in a normal hydrological year) to 32.20 TWh.
Several future projects aim to raise the capacity by 7.99 TWh. These include the
2.28 TWh representing ongoing projects that are to be finalized by 2015 (according to the Development Strategy of Hidroelectrica S.A.), a number of units on the
Danube (totalling 4.66 TWh), and others with a micro-potential of 2.22 TWh.
To sum up, the proved that the drought recorded in the autumn of the year 2011,
and in the spring of the year 2012, entailed a drastic reduction in power production
provided by the hydropower plants and triggered an energy crisis at the level of
entire Romania. Therefore, in the National Strategic Energy Project from the period
2020–2035 it is important to take into account scenarios similar to those produced by
the hydrological drought in 2011–2012. Also it is necessary to increase the production
capacity such that until 2035 the national hydroelectric power potential to be used
at over 65%.
In Chap. 16, the authors organize in a concentrated way the very complex and
extended thematic of Apuseni Mountains water resource. Being the pole of precipitations in Romania, this mountainous area represents a veritable natural obstacle
against the air masses and a barrier for Transylvanian road and railway infrastructure. The petrographic composite is one of the most complex in Carpathian area,
practically a mosaic of rocks, from the volcanic and metamorphic rocks who built
the heart of this space, to limestones and sandstones who comes to complicate this
mountainous structure. This substrate represents the adequate structure for a very
important land surface drainage of the water and less for the groundwater accumulation. A big difference can be observed between the western and eastern slopes of the
Apuseni Mountains. On the western slopes, the quantities of precipitations exceed
easily 1000 mm when on the eastern slope this represents only over 700 mm. The
liquid runoff follows this trend and presents the same discrepance: 800–900 mm
versus 300–600 mm. Among the various parameters, used to emphasize the resource
of water in a territory the volume of average flow, the average drained layer, etc. have